Home book reading and reading achievement in EU countries: the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study 2011 (PIRLS)

Home shared book reading during the preschool years is a strong predictor of students’ reading achievement in primary school, and, according to Sénéchal (2012), it can benefit more children from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. This study examines the association between frequency of book reading before the start of compulsory education and the reading achievement of 4th-grade students whose parents have high and low education levels in 22 European countries. Using data from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS 2011), we show that the contribution of shared reading for the achievement of students from distinct SES backgrounds is different in different countries and that shared reading does not always benefit more children from low-SES backgrounds. Results are discussed in light of Sénéchal's home literacy model, the dynamics of cultural capital, and current policy efforts to support children's literacy development in European countries.     

论体育课的分层教学

随着教育教学改革的不断深化,体育教学要逐步实施分层教学,本文就个人教学实际对体育课的分层教学从理论认识、实践环节、总结思考进行阐述。     

民国四川基层社会诉讼话语变迁研究——以三台档案为依据

清代的诉讼多被学者称为冤抑诉讼。民国时期冤抑诉讼在多大程度上向近现代的权利诉讼转型,是一个亟待考察的问题。通过民国三台档案,可以看到冤抑诉讼与权利诉讼的话语并存于四川基层社会,两者并非二元对立,大量过渡类型的存在说明了两者之间的冲突与融合。要实现诉讼话语的变革,需要整个司法场域中的人们更新其常识与知识,并不能一蹴而就。通过对四川基层社会的诉讼话语变迁的研究可以清晰地看见基层社会在法制变革中滞后于经济较发达的城市而呈现出的独特面貌。这也可以作为考察中国法制近代化过程中内部张力真实存在的一个样本。     

双原子分子能级差的数值估算

在讨论分子的能级等问题时,由于要求得分子体系的定态薛定谔方程的严格解很困难,因此,不得不求助于各种近似的方法。然而,通常我们采用的近似方法,仍存在着较繁的数学运算过程。本文尝试应用数值估算这样一种近似方法,估算双原子分子的能级差。既可避免较繁的定量计算,又说明了与分子光谱事实相符的若干基本问题。     

如何在中学物理教学中实施“分层教学、分类指导”的教学

物理教学中，“分层教学、分类指导”的教学模式能使学习成绩、能力层次不同的学生都能积极参与课堂教学活动，并在课堂教学活动中都有不同程度的学习收获，达到圆满完成教学任务，全面提高全体学生的素质的目的。     

Limitations of levels, learning outcomes and qualifications as drivers towards a more knowledge-based society

National （and European） qualifications frameworks, the specification of learning outcomes and grand targets like the Lisbon goals of increasing the supply of graduates in Europe in order to achieve a more knowledge-based society are all predicated upon the idea of moving people through to higher and well-defmed levels of skills, knowledge and understanding. However, the work of researchers, from the UK＇s Teaching and Learning Research Programme （TLRP）, examining work-related learning from a number of perspectives, would suggest that the way to move towards a more knowledge-based society is for as many people as possible, whatever their supposed highest overall ＂level＂ of skills is, to believe that they should develop their skills, knowledge and competence in a number of ways unrelated to their current highest ＂level＂. This means rather than having an essentially binary conception of competence at the heart of the levels, it would be far more beneficial in inducing the frame of mind required of a knowledge-based society to have a developmental view of expertise. Such an approach can address three particular challenges that a ＂levels＂ approach f＇mds difficult to accommodate. First, there is the issue of transfer-there would be an expectation that graduates would be some way from ＂experienced worker standard＂ when they completed their initial training. Secondly, such an approach could provide the conditions in which a commitment to continuous improvement at work could flourish, as most people would believe that they needed to develop in a number of ways （at a range of ＂levels＂） in order to improve their performance. Thirdly, this approach of continuing to expect people to continue to develop a range of skills would offer some protection against the development of ＂skilled incompetence＂ （where organisations and individuals continue to focus upon what they do well without paying due regard to the future）.     

跨文化视角中的《花木兰》

美国迪斯尼版《花木兰》上映后在美国和中国的反响大不相同,是由于两国的文化价值观不同。中关两国文化价值观念在人性、人与自然的关系、时间取向、活动类型和人与社会的关系等方面都存在很大差异,美国版《花木兰》和中国古代文学作品《木兰诗》在两种文化体系中产生的解读结果正好在同一题材上体现了中关文化中价值取向的差异。     

北宋太学制与科举制关系论——着眼于太学内部的考察

北宋时期的太学制与科举制在发展演进中衔接碰撞、互动影响。着眼于太学内部考察,太学制度的演变源于科举改革的背景,太学科举化趋势明显,科举制对太学解额及免解制度、教学与考试内容、管理制度制订实施具有强大导向作用。随着兴学改革中太学影响日盛及对科举制的悖反,朝臣围绕太学制度与科举制度的优劣之议、太学取士与科举取士的存废之议、释褐状元与科举状元的名望之议集体论辩,推动北宋教育改革发展。徽宗朝由诏罢科举取士到诏罢天下三舍取士,历经17年特殊时期,从政治经济形势、教育改革现状等考论其缘由,对深入论析太学制与科举制关系具有重要意义。     

中国非英语专业研究生词汇量不同词频等级分布状况研究

本文探讨了中国非英语专业研究生的接受性和产出性词汇量在高频、中频、低频以及学术类词汇四个词频等级的分布情况。上海市两所重点高校的360名研究生参加了两种分别测量学习者接受性和产出性词汇的词汇测试。研究结果表明,我国非英语专业研究生能够掌握大多数高频词和学术类词汇的基本含义,但由于他们对中低频词,尤其是低频词的认知率较低,在今后的学习中仍有可能面临词汇上的困难;研究生的产出性词汇量要远低于其接受性词汇量,且大部分产出性词汇仍属于高频词;尽管学生对学术类词汇的认知率较高,但他们在该词频上的产出性词汇量仍有待进一步提高。针对上述结果,研究建议在研究生英语教学过程中教师应注意对学生词汇学习策略的培养,并通过数据驱动学习、转变写作任务模式等途径扩大学生的产出性词汇量。     

经济专业高等数学教学改革的研究与实践

论述了经济专业进行《高等数学》教学改革的重要意义，针对现行经济专业《高等数学》课程教学中存在的种种弊端，提出了进一步改革的基本思路。介绍了开展《高等数学》教学改革研究活动的主要做法和经验，总结了教学改革经济专业《高等数学》教学带来的深刻变化。