关于即时码判断方法的探讨

根据码的分类,对处于不同层次的码使用不同的判断方法,更便于最终即时码的判断。非奇异码可以通过观察和比对看有没有出现相同的码字来判断,唯一可译码可以通过生成尾随后缀组成的集合F,其中有没有包含码字来做出判断,即时码可以先利用克拉夫特不等式,再采用即时码的树图结构来判断。     

For whom the bell tolls: The firm-level effects of automation on wage and gender inequality

This paper investigates the impact of investment in automation- and AI-related goods on within-firm wage inequality in the French economy during the 2002–2017 period. We document that most wage inequality in France is accounted for by differences among workers belonging to the same firm rather than by differences between sectors, firms, and occupations. Using an event-study approach on a sample of firms importing automation- and AI-related goods, we find that spike events related to the adoption of automation- and AI-related capital goods are not followed by an increase in within-firm wage inequality or in gender wage inequality. Instead, wages increase by 1% three years after the events at different percentiles of the distribution. Our findings are not linked to the rent-sharing behavior of firms obtaining productivity gains from automation and AI adoption. Instead, if wage gains do not differ across workers along the wage distribution, worker heterogeneity will still be present. Indeed, in agreement with the framework in Abowd et al. (1999b), most of the overall wage increase is due to the hiring of new employees. This adds to previous findings presenting a picture of a ‘labor friendly’ effect of the latest wave of new technologies within adopting firms.     

The complexities of workplace experience for lesbian and gay teachers

Discrimination against lesbians and gay men has been endemic throughout Australia’s history. However, in twenty-first century Australian society there are signs of growing sophistication and acceptance of sexual diversities. Despite this, schools continue to be organisations where sexual ‘difference’ is marginalised and silenced, having ramifications on the professional lives of lesbian and gay teachers. This article, based on qualitative research with 14 lesbian and gay teachers working in metropolitan Sydney, explores the ways in which schooling micro-cultures and systemic practices affect participants’ working lives. In particular, it highlights the ways in which these teachers negotiate the complex discursive fields in schools to perform their ‘professional’ teacher subjectivities in ways that are personally functional and effective, and simultaneously organisationally ‘acceptable’ in what has been for lesbian and gay teachers, traditionally hostile workplaces.     

Schools reaching out: Comprehensive parent involvement in South African primary schools

Abstract

Legislation to reform schooling in a democratic South Africa has focused attention on the rights and responsibilities of parents as empowered stakeholders in education. However, it is argued that comprehensive parent involvement is a prerequisite for improving the culture of teaching and learning in schools. Against the background of a literature review which examines legislation affecting parents, this article draws on a qualitative inquiry of parent involvement in a small sample of public primary schools in South Africa selected by means of purposeful sampling. The findings indicated that the schools were doing more to involve parents than is legally required. Strong leadership from principals together with formal organisation of parent involvement has established parent-friendly schools, regular home-school communication and innovative parent volunteering. Certain reservations to parent involvement were detected in principals' attitudes. The study suggests that, together with enabling legislation, schools can develop valuable initiatives to make parents more active and equal partners.     

Outreach

Abstract

Academic libraries have often participated in outreach to their surrounding communities. This article focuses on independent outreach efforts of academic libraries to move beyond their walls or traditional clientele. Academic libraries determine their interaction with their communities based on three factors: whether a need is expressed from outside the academy, whether they see their mission as an invitation to pursue an action on their own accord, or whether they construct a form of outreach in response to a specific problem or crisis. Most libraries, public and private, recognize outreach as part of their mission and obligation to the community. This article examines why libraries choose to initiate outreach programs.     

The relationship between parental involvement and adequate yearly progress among urban,suburban, and rural schools

Using national data from the 2007–08 School and Staffing Survey, we compared the relationships between parental involvement and school outcomes related to adequate yearly progress (AYP) in urban, suburban, and rural schools. Parent-initiated parental involvement demonstrated significantly positive relationships with both making AYP and staying off the category of schools in need of mandatory improvement across urban, suburban, and rural schools, whereas school-initiated parental involvement demonstrated significantly negative relationships with both outcomes across urban and suburban schools. We tested school website as a way of communication with parents. Frequency of updates of school website was significantly positive across both outcomes but for urban schools only. We also tested school support for involvement of parents with limited English proficiency (LEP). Provision of translators to parents with LEP was not statistically significant. Provision of translated materials to parents with LEP was significantly positive only on making AYP only for urban schools.     

An analysis of community involvement in primary schools in Malawi

Through a secondary analysis of standardised test data, the paper reviews community involvement in Malawian primary schools and examines the extent to which it explains variation in pupil test scores. In so doing, the study deconstructs the concept of community involvement, demonstrating that it is not a unitary concept but rather made up of multiple effects which can be categorised into different modes: “learner support”, “financing” and “networking”. The framework developed may help with future research and the results caution policymakers in Malawi on the current reality of community participation and how this relates to existing policy ambitions.     

国家示范重点专业《室内设计技术》建设研究

在"全国高等职业教育改革与发展工作会议"精神的指导下,校企深度融合,实施双主体育人是高职教育的改革目标。经过国家示范建设,国家精品课程、国家精品专业建设的淬炼,探讨在"后示范"的时代背景下,寻求专业建设新的突破,成为室内设计技术专业建设的重要目标。室内设计技术专业在改革实践中,探讨实施企业进班级人才培养模式的建设,在一定程度上提高了人才培养质量,实现了校企双赢。     

跑步参与者涉入程度对幸福感的影响:心理资本和流畅体验的链式中介作用

整合休闲涉入理论、心理资本理论、流畅体验理论等,检验心理资本—流畅体验的链式中介效应,在此基础上构建链式中介效应模型。采用成熟量表自编问卷,对305名跑步参与者进行调查。结果显示：跑步参与者涉入程度、心理资本、流畅体验均是跑步参与者幸福感的前因变量。三者对幸福感的直接影响均达显著水平（P<0.005）,跑步参与者涉入通过心理资本和流畅体验的中介作用对幸福感产生影响,且该中介作用包含3条路径,即心理资本与流畅体验各自产生的间接效应,以及二者共同产生的链式中介效应。研究揭示了跑步参与者涉入程度与其幸福感的关系及作用机制,深化了跑步参与者涉入对参与者自身影响的研究。