“儿童的视角”研究的价值取向、方法原则与伦理思考

"儿童的视角"研究不同于关于儿童的研究,它探索的是儿童作为主体对世界的感知和体验。目前"儿童的视角"研究主要在欧美国家展开,我国这方面的研究处于起步阶段,所以非常有必要进一步澄清和明确其价值取向与方法原则。开展"儿童的视角"研究,需要承认童年自有其意义,儿童有能力展现其视角,同时儿童的视角也应该受到关注和尊重。为此,研究者应实现从"带有儿童视角"到"探索儿童的视角"、从"以儿童为对象开展研究"到"以儿童为合作伙伴开展研究"的转变。在选择具体的研究方法时,研究者应坚持参与性与发展适宜性、操作性与趣味性原则,让儿童能够且乐于参与研究。"儿童的视角"研究应确保儿童对研究的知情与同意,应确认儿童是否认同研究所得数据与结论,并对研究过程中成人与儿童的权力不对等保持敏感。     

教育学方法论的内涵及其研究视角

在从书院到学堂的转型过程中,传统的师生关系发生了明显的变化.导致变化的社会历史原因繁多而复杂,但中国近代学校制度的建立和发展,无疑是其中的一个重要因素.一方面,近代学校制度改变了传统社会中学校与社区共同体的密切联系,使学校相对全面地游离于社区共同体之外,从而也改变了教师和学生的结合与互动方式;另一方面,移植外来模式而建立起来的近代学校.毕竟生长在中国的社会、文化土壤之中,在西化的形式中,容纳了各种不同且常常相互冲突的社会力量、文化因素,从而使近代师生关系呈现出混乱、失序的状态.从这个角度来看,近代学校的师生关系,不过是变化了的制度形式及其与社会关系的一个缩影.     

跨世纪文论话语的两难处境与重建吁求——解读《冲突与重建》的三个视点

中国现代文论的重建步履经过近一个世纪的积淀已日显成熟和厚重,但依然存在许多困难.其间,不乏东方与西方、传统与现代、全球化与本土化等等的冲突与两难抉择.而且,后现代主义带来的多元共生思潮和读图时代的迅猛君临,几乎颠覆了既有的话语方式与学科体系,我们确实面临着新的挑战.如何超越困境、重建文论话语体系,进而建立拥有当代发言权和世界影响力的具有中国特色的文艺理论学派?张荣翼新著《冲突与重建》从文论视野、本体辨认与建设立场等方面进行了跨世纪反思与重构.这或许正是我们应该努力的方向.     

Teachers’ perspectives of lower secondary school students in streamed classes – A Western Australian case study

Streaming in secondary schools is not beneficial for improving student outcomes of education with vast amounts of educational research indicating that it does not improve academic results and increases inequity. Yet teachers often prefer working in streamed classes, and research shows that teachers mediate the effects of streaming on students. This study sought to add to the understanding of teachers’ role in student learning by investigating how teachers conceptualise the students in streamed classes. A qualitative case study approach was used, where 18 teachers were interviewed in-depth to create narrative examples, three of which are presented here. These narratives summarise the research findings that teachers saw students in high and low streams as having homogenous characteristics according to five dichotomous categories: approach to learning, attitude to learning, learning style, autonomy and background. Students in mixed-ability classes were viewed along these same continua, but as more heterogeneous groups. Furthermore, these views of students had direct implications for how teachers planned for learning and the expectations that they held of their students. The discussion links streaming research with teacher expectation research, suggesting that teachers of streamed classes in this secondary school hold specific whole-class ideas that affect student learning. The article concludes with recommendations for further inquiry that links these two important fields of educational research.     

苏珊桑塔格的女性“坎普”与叙事技巧

苏珊桑塔格作为20世纪女性文学的代表人物,以独特的女性题材和视角进行创作,她在《美国魂》中采用的叙事策略展示其“坎普”风格及写作技巧,通过分析它,读者得以加深理解20世纪美国女性作家的写作风格的演变。     

论白居易江州山水诗

江州时期是白居易山水诗的快速发展和成熟时期,其间作山水诗50多首.诗歌总体特征是"冷暗忧病"与"飘逸清峻",在此基础上又形成了或"清寒自赏"、或"自然妙悟"、或"浪漫惊警"等多种风格并存的格局,为白居易以后山水诗高峰期的到来奠定了坚实的创作基础,并给我们以有益启示.     

How students conceptualize grade‐based acceleration in inclusive settings

Despite extensive research supporting educational acceleration for students with high academic ability, some psychologists, counselors, and educators express concerns about accelerative interventions. Such concerns often hinge on uncertainty about social acceptance, even in inclusive education settings. Research on acceleration has consistently shown benefits for students with high ability; however, there is a lack of research about grade‐based acceleration in inclusive schools. This study engaged two groups of students in group concept mapping processes to examine how they conceptualized beliefs about grade‐based acceleration in inclusive schools. First, 26 students in inclusive classes generated beliefs about grade‐based acceleration. Then they, and a group of 14 students with high ability, structured the data by sorting and rating a synthesized list of the generated beliefs. We analyzed the sorted data using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. The resultant cluster maps revealed some differences and some similarities in the ways that the two groups of students conceptualized beliefs about educational acceleration. Practical implications are discussed.     

我国城市化进程中的土地资本运营动机透视--基于四维视角的框架分析

本文分别从行政维、经济维、管理维、战略维四个方面对现有的土地资本运营动机研究进行简要介绍,归纳总结出基于四维视角的土地资本运营动机分析框架,认为我国城市化进程中土地资本运营动机具有阶段性、空间性、多元性特征。同时,运用这一思路,结合特尔菲法,对我国城市化进程中不同阶段的土地资本运营动机进行了调查分析。     

研究性学习课程设计性质中的教师专业发展取向

研究性学习的课程设计在目标、内容与组织、评价、资源和教学过程方面具有与学科课程不同的性质。在知识技能取向、自我理解取向和生态改变取向以及三种取向的结合下,教师专业应有不同的发展,以应对研究性学习对教师形成的挑战。     

Preservice teachers’ learning with Yuin Country: becoming respectful teachers in Aboriginal education

The ownership of Aboriginal knowledge and the Aboriginal perspective presented in school curriculum is always with Country. A number of preservice teachers were taken to a sacred story, “Gulaga a Living Spiritual Mountain,” to participate in an elective subject to engage in respectful reciprocal relationship with Country. The spirituality of Country is unknown to many preservice teachers, consequently the concept of Country as teacher in a respectful reciprocal relationship was unfamiliar. Engaging in Aboriginal ways of knowing, learning, and behaving provides an opportunity for preservice teachers to initiate a relationship with Country to respectfully implement Aboriginal perspectives in their own teaching. This article not only examines how preservice teachers developed a relationship with Country, but also importantly demonstrates how a relationship between Country, researcher, all the participants, and the research can inform respectful behaviour in reculturalising Aboriginal perspectives.