Can constrained relevance feedback and display strategies help users retrieve items on mobile devices?

Searching online information resources using mobile devices is affected by small screens which can display only a fraction of ranked search results. In this paper we investigate whether the search effort can be reduced by means of a simple user feedback: for a screenful of search results the user is encouraged to indicate a single most relevant document. In our approach we exploit the fact that, for small display sizes and limited user actions, we can construct a user decision tree representing all possible outcomes of the user interaction with the system. Examining the trees we can compute an upper limit on relevance feedback performance. In this study we consider three standard feedback algorithms: Rocchio, Robertson/Sparck-Jones (RSJ) and a Bayesian algorithm. We evaluate them in conjunction with two strategies for presenting search results: a document ranking that attempts to maximize information gain from the user’s choices and the top-D ranked documents. Experimental results indicate that for RSJ feedback which involves an explicit feature selection policy, the greedy top-D display is more appropriate. For the other two algorithms, the exploratory display that maximizes information gain produces better results. We conducted a user study to compare the performance of the relevance feedback methods with real users and compare the results with the findings from the tree analysis. This comparison between the simulations and real user behaviour indicates that the Bayesian algorithm, coupled with the sampled display, is the most effective. Extended version of “Evaluating Relevance Feedback Algorithms for Searching on Small Displays, ” Vishwa Vinay, Ingemar J. Cox, Natasa Milic-Frayling, Ken Wood published in the proceedings of ECIR 2005, David E. Losada, Juan M. Fernández-Luna (Eds.), Springer 2005, ISBN 3-540-25295-9     

企业知识管理战略研究综述

在对1997-2004年国内外部分核心期刊上发表的知识管理战略研究论文及代表性的知识管理战略著作进行系统检索和分析研究的基础上,对国内外有关知识管理战略的理论基础、内涵、基本流派、管理过程等理论研究现状和知识管理战略在不同企业与行业中的应用研究现状进行综述;结合知识管理战略未来的研究热点,指出我国知识管理战略研究目前存在的问题。     

哈佛大学工学院发展战略及其对新工科建设的启示

哈佛大学自2007年重建工程与应用科学学院以来,采取了与传统工程学科大相径庭的发展路径,以解决人类面临重大挑战的前沿科学为重点发展方向,以机制保障为学科交叉融合提供土壤,以空间优化调整助力研究、孵化、成果转化一体化发展,取得了显著成绩。哈佛大学工学院发展路径正体现了新工科建设思路,对我国高校加快建设发展新工科,推动学科深度交叉融合,优化调整空间布局,服务科研创新、成果转化等具有重要启示。     

How Persuasive Are Health Advertisements in First-Person Shooter Games? Exploring Knowledge-Activation and Thought-Disruption Mechanisms

This study examined whether persuasive health messages embedded in shooter games have broad or targeted effects on players’ willingness to engage in risk behaviors (N = 145). Participants presented with in-game health messages discouraging alcohol-impaired driving of motor vehicles showed reduced willingness to drink alcohol and to operate both motor and nonmotor vehicles, compared to those in a no-message gaming control condition. There were no spillover effects on willingness to smoke cigarettes or marijuana, thus implying targeted persuasive effects. In addition, players experiencing high instead of low cognitive load showed decreased postexperiment willingness to drink and operate nonmotor vehicles, thus suggesting that playing a game under high cognitive load can influence players’ attitudes. The findings replicate previous research and further expand on knowledge-activation and thought-disruption mechanisms underlying the persuasiveness of health messages.     

Health science libraries in Sweden: new directions,expanding roles

Librarians in Sweden are facing huge challenges in meeting the demands of their organisations and users. This article looks at four key areas: coping with open science/open access initiatives; increasing demands from researchers for support doing systematic reviews; understanding user experiences in Swedish health science libraries; and the consequences of expanding roles for recruitment and continuing professional development. With regard to changing roles, there is an increasing shift from the generalist towards the expert role. The authors raise the issue as to how to prepare those new to the profession to the changing environment of health science libraries.     

谈中西文化差异与翻译策略

语言是文化的载体,承载着丰富的文化信息。因此,翻译不仅是语言代码之间的转换,还是一种跨文化的交际活动。译者在进行翻译时要根据中西文化之间的差异选择有效的翻译策略,以实现译文与原文的语用等效。     

现代科技馆体系人才队伍发展策略研究

人才对于对现代科技馆体系建设具有战略性、支撑性作用。《现代科技馆体系发展“十四五”规划(2021—2025年)》提出,“丰富科技馆体系人力资源,加强培训,完善激励机制,造就一支总量充足、素质优良、专兼并重的人才队伍。”本文通过对人才队伍发展现状的研究和问题分析,从工作理念、培养机制、激励措施、统筹推进等方面对人才队伍培养提出对策建议。     

文化翻译中的文化语境及其翻译策略研究

随着经济全球化的发展,各国间语言和文化的融合与渗透也在加速进行中,在国与国之间的跨文化交流中,翻译活动起着越来越重要的作用。本文从跨文化交际的角度来考察文化在翻译领域的影响和作用,探讨了文化语境在翻译实践中的启示和指导意义并针对文化语境的差异采取了不同的翻译策略。     

谈语文的阅读与写作教学

通过课文教给学生写作的方法、技巧,通过一堂课让学生有所得。通过指导学生阅读、分析课文,帮助学生学会这篇文章的写作方法或特色,并能运用到写作实践中去。     

人工智能背景下教学形态的嬗变:特点、挑战与应对

人工智能时代的不期而至将重塑教学的课堂形态。基于人工智能的课堂教学无论其教学手段、教学方式、教学内容、教学设计、教学过程乃至教学评价等都将以智慧性、泛在性和场景的融合性为表征,知识呈现的形式与场景的融合使教学的“现实场景”凸显,学生发展的“审美创造”成为可能。然而,人工智能时代的教育面临的挑战不容小觑,知识目的观的“祛魅”与人性目的观的“返魅”、单质主客体的“消减”与多元主体的“建构”、“授人以渔”的方法论转向“授人以欲”主体论、学习的“苦行僧”变为意义生成的“审美者”,等等。基于此,就其改进策略而言,教学中“人是目的”的根本要素依然需要持守并要不断弘扬,无论环节、情景、方式、模式等发生何等变换,都是为人的全面发展而服务的。因此,遵循“立德树人”的根本宗旨,以知识“塑造灵魂”;培养混合式、人机融合式的教学模式创构能力;创造“人际”“人机”与“人世”精神交往的教学关系;以劳动教育为基础,以审美教育为灵魂,“五育并举”,创造丰富多样的综合实践活动形式,共同形成一个相互联系的有机整体,培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义事业的建设者和接班人。