Reexamining Fear Appeal Models from Cognitive Appraisal Theory and Functional Emotion Theory Perspectives

Recognizing inconsistencies between the extant fear appeal theories and emotion literature, this research integrated cognitive appraisal theory and functional emotion theory into a fear appeal literature and proposed a model that describes a process through which both fear and anxiety can contribute to adaptive responses. Findings from an experiment (N = 927) supported the predictions. Fear and anxiety emerged as distinct constructs. Perceived susceptibility was a stronger predictor of anxiety than fear, while perceived severity was a stronger predictor of fear than anxiety. In addition, greater fear and anxiety led to greater response efficacy through increased motivation to obtain protection-related information and heightened attention to such information, thus mediating the threat and coping appraisal processes. The SEM model testing the predictions showed that perceived susceptibility had the strongest total effects on protection intention, followed by anxiety, perceived severity, and fear.     

对课堂教学设计中教学目标阐明的思考

教学目标阐明在整个课堂教学设计中占据着很重要的地位。该文在概述教学目标阐明的已有研究后,反思了新的时代背景下教学目标阐明中存在的主要问题,并对此提出了个人的思考。     

Do cognitive training strategies improve motor and positive psychological skills development in soccer players? Insights from a systematic review

ABSTRACT

Soccer players are required to have well-developed physical, technical and cognitive abilities. The present systematic review, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, examined the effects of cognitive training strategies on motor and positive psychological skills development in soccer performance and identified the potential moderators of the “cognitive training–soccer performance” relationship. Thirteen databases were systematically searched using keywords related to psychological or cognitive training in soccer players. The review is based on 18 studies, employing 584 soccer players aged 7–39 years. Cognitive strategies, particularly imagery, appear to improve sports performance in soccer players. Regarding imagery, the combination of two different types of cognitive imagery training (i.e., cognitive general and cognitive specific) has a positive influence on soccer performance during training, whereas motivational imagery (i.e., motivational general-arousal, motivational general-mastery and motivational specific) enhance competition performance. Younger soccer players employ cognitive general and cognitive specific imagery techniques to a greater extent than older soccer players. Combined cognitive training strategies were more beneficial than a single cognitive strategy relative to motor skills enhancement in elite (particularly midfielders) and amateur (i.e., when practising complex and specific soccer skills in precompetitive period) soccer players. In conclusion, it appears that there are differences in cognitive/psychological training interventions, and their efficacy, according to whether they are directed towards training or competition, and the age, standard and playing position of the players.     

登山户外运动事故的原因分析与对策研究——基于中国登山协会2010-2015年度报告

通过文献资料法,数理统计法对2010-2015年登山户外运动事故进行分析,得出事故发生与参与时间,参与项目和组织形式的关系,并提出相应的对策。可以从国家,服务机构和个人三方面进行控制。国家应该发挥主体的作用,完善相关法律法规,强化相关机构;民间服务机构,一方面要有相关的资质和严谨的服务机构,另一方面,在员工的选拔和任用上也要严格把关;在个人方面,既要学习相关理论知识,还要熟悉各种实践操作,在活动前,活动中,活动后都要时刻注意风险,做好总结。     

汉语"道歉"话语模式

道歉是交际中的一种补救性施事言语行为，也是一种礼貌的社会行为。其基本功能是为一项冒犯行为提供补救办法，恢复社会平衡与和谐。从语言形式来看，道歉具有语义句法程式化和规约化的普遍特征。本用语篇补全测试的问卷形式通过对汉语中道歉行为实施的调查、对所选策略进行了分类统计，结果表明道歉的话语模式包括多种策略和手段的组合，但策略的选用在很大程度上受到如权势、距离等因素的制约，说明道歉行为对化等因素的依赖。     

构建以学习为中心的远程开放教育管理机制

远程开放教育是利用网络技术、多媒体技术等现代信息技术手段开展起来的新型教育形式。在“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点”工作之中,笔者发现远程开放教育的管理机制的改革调整势在必行。本文对远程开放教育管理模式、组织结构、教学策略等管理体制做了有益的探讨。     

谈汉英科技翻译的原则及方法

本文将阐述汉英科技翻译中应遵循的准确性、清晰性、简洁性和客观性原则,并对实现这些原则拟采用的翻译方法进行探讨。     

国际商务索赔谈判的语用策略

在国际商务索赔谈判中，索赔方为圆满达成索赔协议，可采用清楚准确、委婉得体、义正辞严等三种语用策略。     

品牌服装的文化建设

对文化内涵的推崇是我国品牌服装当前最为热衷的话题。通过对品牌服装文化现象的解读，揭示了品牌服装文化内涵及其特点，围绕如何进行品牌服装文化建设这一主题，从文化建设途径，建设内容，建设方法等方面详细阐述了品牌服装的文化建设的策略。     

论文化语境对交际语言的制约和影响

语言是文化的载体,文化又是一种语境。人们的交际活动除了与一定的社会环境和自然环境相联系外,还与一定的民族、一定的时代的文化有密切的联系。文化语境不仅制约和影响着语言要素的选用和变化,而且还制约和影响着交际者对语言的理解。