数字图书馆互操作综述

互操作是实现数字图书馆 (DLs)的集成或联邦所面临的中心问题。文章对DLs互操作的研究现状及关键技术进行了综述与讨论 ,主要内容包括 :⑴DLs互操作协议、DLs中间件、DLs中的信息发现、语义互操作和元数据互操作 ;⑵DLs互操作的实现方法及评价标准。最后 ,指出了DLs互操作今后的研究方向。     

Fatigue increases ankle sprain risk in badminton players: A biomechanical study

ABSTRACT

Ankle sprains are the most common injury in regular badminton players and usually occur at the end of a match or training. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of fatigue produced by badminton practice on the lower limb biomechanics of badminton players. It was hypothesized that fatigue induces ankle kinematic and lower leg muscle activity changes which may increase the risk of ankle sprain. Ankle kinematics, ankle kinetics and muscles activities of 17 regular badminton players were recorded during lateral jumps before and after an intense badminton practice session. Post-fatigue, ankle inversion at foot strike and peak ankle inversion increased (+2.6°, p = 0.003 and +2.5°, p = 0.005, respectively). EMG pre-activation within 100 ms before foot landing significantly decreased after fatigue for soleus (?23.4%, p = 0.031), gastrocnemius lateralis (?12.2%, p = 0.035), gastrocnemius medialis (?23.3%, p = 0.047) and peroneus brevis (?17.4%, p = 0.036). These results demonstrate impaired biomechanics of badminton players when fatigue increases, which may cause a greater risk of experiencing an ankle sprain injury.     

论文化语境对交际语言的制约和影响

语言是文化的载体,文化又是一种语境。人们的交际活动除了与一定的社会环境和自然环境相联系外,还与一定的民族、一定的时代的文化有密切的联系。文化语境不仅制约和影响着语言要素的选用和变化,而且还制约和影响着交际者对语言的理解。     

Triadic interaction in clinical task-based interviews with mathematics teachers

A clinical task-based interview can be seen as a situation where the interviewer–interviewee interaction on a task is regulated by a system of explicit and implicit norms, values, and rules. This paper describes how documenting and mapping triadic interaction among the interviewer, the interviewee, and the knowledge negotiated can be used to increase procedural replicability of the interview and accuracy of drawn conclusions about the interviewee’s thinking process. Excerpts from interviews with 25 inservice mathematics teachers working on a task to make up a problem whose solution requires division of two fractions are discussed. The excerpts illustrate the relationship between methodological decisions taken by the interviewer during the interview and the applicability of the interview output to the research questions. A divergent analysis of the interviews with these teachers, which spanned over two years and were conducted by four interviewers, is used to offer a framework for analyzing data collected in clinical task-based interviews.     

模糊限制语的合作原则分析

合作原则,作为一个重要的会话原则,在言语交际中被交际双方广泛地遵守着。但是,有时出于具体的交际需要和交际目的,也有很多违反合作原则的情况出现。本文运用合作原则对一个重要的语言现象——模糊限制语进行了语用分析。从合作原则的四个准则方面对模糊限制语进行了具体的分析,指出,为了达到交际目的,交际双方不得不使用一些模糊限制语,这看似违反了合作原则,其实是对合作原则的竭力遵守。     

Phonological Awareness Skills in Young Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Substantial research has detailed the reading deficits experienced by children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Although phonological awareness (PA) is vital in reading development, little is known about PA in the DMD population. This pilot study describes the PA abilities of a group of five young children with DMD, comparing the results with those of a group of children with spinal muscular atrophy and with those of a group of typically developing children. The Preschool and Primary Inventory of Phonological Awareness was used to assess the PA skills of the participants. Results indicated that the children with DMD performed significantly poorer than the typically developing group on tests of Syllable Segmentation, Rhyme Awareness, Alliteration Awareness and Phoneme Isolation and significantly poorer than the spinal muscular atrophy group on Rhyme Awareness. The findings of this pilot study indicate that children with DMD may have an increased risk of having PA difficulties, thus requiring early PA training.     

听力理解:障碍与对策

听力理解涉及语法、语音、词汇等语言知识和其他方面的综合素养。文章指出听力理解中存在的语言及非语言障碍,并提出相应对策。     

现代汉诗语言三说

本文就现代汉诗语言冗长芜杂的现象与后现代派提出的"剔除修辞"、"甩掉隐喻"等观点,按诗学本质规律表达个人的意见:用现代汉语写诗亦须遵守"诗意的言说"之规则;隐喻是使诗表现生动的"意象化譬比";运用"减法"于"句思维","损之而益"是艺术的辩证法.     

远程教育中的流媒体技术

众所周知,远程教育已经成为教育开放的四个领域之一.而随着我国现代化教育水平的提高,一个新的历史机遇正出现在面前.目前,我国的远程教育尤其是现代远程教育正在蓬勃发展.随着网络技术的发展及网络环境的完善,流媒体(stream Media)技术作为互联网中视音频传输的核心技术越来越普及,而这一新技术的在远程教育中的应用,必将给网络教育带来了新的活力和生机.     

礼貌在两性言语交际中的反映

本文用礼貌原则分析了男女两性在角色转换规则的遵守、含糊词语和附加疑问句的使用、禁忌语和玩笑话的使用、反语的使用、“降格称呼”的使用五个方面的差别,阐述了礼貌在两性言语交际中的反映,要求大家把握好言语交际中礼貌的“度”,使男女两性都能得体地进行人际交往。