Education as/against cruelty: On Etienne Balibar's Violence and Civility

The issue of violence and strategies for its attenuation present perennial conundrums for those seeking to reduce the quantity of avoidable suffering in the world. Despite the best efforts of committed practitioners, activists, and scholars, violence its various forms remain rife at all levels of social life. Paradoxically and tragically, at times, the proliferation of violence accompanies those very efforts aimed at its eradication or resolution. Education – understood in its narrower sense as a set of formal institutions as well in its broader sense as a ubiquitous sociocultural process – is perhaps exemplary of this paradox, being cast variously as a cause or instrument of violence on the one hand, and as a panacea to violence on the other. In this essay review of Etienne Balibar's Violence and Civility: On the limits of political philosophy (2016), I draw on the author's imaginative attempt to theorise the relationship between different forms of violence and link this to existing scholarship on violence more broadly, and studies that consider the role of education within economies of violence more specifically.     

Do Pictures Tell a Different Story? A multimodal frame analysis of the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict

Pictures play an ever-increasing role in the public’s understanding of mediated events. However, many studies show that visuals remain an understudied field, especially when it comes to multimodal approaches. This remains an important issue in today’s media environment, where visuals and their interaction with textual contents are becoming increasingly important carriers of meaning. The following paper presents results from a multimodal quantitative content analysis of the online coverage of the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, wherein an innovative comparative approach to visual and textual frames was applied. We examine the existing frames, identify patterns of visual and textual frame co-occurrence and describe changes of the applied multimodal framing. Overall, a sample of 150 texts and 219 pictures was coded. The study shows that the applied visual and textual frames initially correspond with each other thematically. During the course of the conflict, however, the provided textual and visual framing divert increasingly. While the textual mode more or less upholds its original framing of the events, the visual level intensifies the framing strategy it has adopted since the escalation of the conflict began. As a result, textual coverage focuses more on negotiations and solutions, whereas images become increasingly graphic.     

作为价值概念的恐怖主义犯罪的主体性

价值论把社会事实区分为＂科学事实＂与＂价值事实＂,价值事实是主体性的事实。由于犯罪是一种价值事实,恐怖主义犯罪也是一种价值事实,因而,恐怖主义犯罪概念是具体主体的恐怖主义犯罪概念。作为最高层次主体的整个人类社会,因为存在一个普世接受的伦理与价值体系,以这种价值体系为基础对恐怖主义犯罪的定义就应当是人类社会普遍接受的恐怖主义犯罪的概念。     

关于恐怖主义犯罪的定义

恐怖主义犯罪是严重危害人类生存安全的国际犯罪,但对恐怖主义和恐怖主义犯罪的定义在世界范围内没有取得共识。本文拟从国际条约、各国法律以及学者对于恐怖主义的定义出发提出自己的观点。     

Securitising Education to Prevent Terrorism or Losing Direction?

This article examines the growing relationship between security and education, particularly in the light of the UK government’s Prevent Duty that seeks to tackle radicalisation in a variety of milieus, including universities. However, rather than seeing this process as being merely one-way, through a so-called securitisation of education (in the parlance of the Copenhagen School of International Relations), what is explored here is the dialectic between these two spheres. It is suggested that a heightened sensitivity to the supposed consequences of inflammatory rhetoric on the well-being of supposedly suggestible or vulnerable students has been in existence within education for quite some time. In that regard, the securitising efforts of politicians and officials are pushing against an open door. What’s more, it is proposed that the inability of the authorities to hold the line in support of absolute freedom of expression, within academia and beyond, tacitly encourages the very people the government would hope to detract.     

文化渗透与犯罪

目前已形成以美国为代表的西方文化对我全方位渗透的态势,并呈现出渗透目标确定性、渗透方式隐蔽性、渗透手段高技术性和渗透领域广泛性的特点.美国在进行文化渗透的过程中,同时加剧了犯罪渗透,造成文化渗透与犯罪渗透同步发展,其中包括犯罪意识渗透和犯罪类型渗透等,正是文化渗透推动了恐怖主义的发展,所以,必须大力加强先进文化建设,以遏制文化与犯罪渗透.     

国际恐怖主义犯罪的刑事管辖原则

国际反恐理念直接影响着国际恐怖主义犯罪刑事管辖原则的确立,其中包括恐怖主义概念的界定,反恐理念下国际合作观;根据有关国际公约,国际恐怖主义犯罪的刑事管辖全面地采用了属地管辖、属人管辖、保护管辖、国旗国管辖和普遍管辖的原则,而其中的普遍管辖原则最为重要;国际恐怖主义犯罪的刑事管辖原则中存在特殊问题,如或引渡或起诉原则的适用、政治犯不引渡规则的排除、豁免权排除、时效问题等。     

青少年暴力观念对暴力行为的影响——案例分析报告

本文通过对三例不同家庭背景，不同社会环境下发生的典型青少年暴力事件进行分析，探求当今青少年暴力观念对其暴力行为的影响。三例事件具有如下共同特点：第一，青少年对暴力的肯定态度是导致其暴力行为的主要因素之一。而暴力观念不仅受其成长环境的影响，也受青春期本身人格上不稳定因素的影响；第二，社会暴力文化的蔓延直接影响青少年暴力观的形成，是青少年暴力行为不可忽视的社会心理背景；第三，新形势下青少年暴力行为的特点为个体暴力行为增多、暴力程度更残酷。青少年的暴力行为不仅断送自身，更危及社会安定，应该引起包括家庭、学校、社会等多方面的重视。     

冷战后美国反恐怖主义政策评析

尽管冷战后美国的反恐怖主义措施比较全面有力，有许多值得借鉴之处，但是针对美国和国际社会的恐怖事件仍然层出不穷，说明美国的反思恐怖主义措施仍是治标不治本。要铲除恐怖主义必须标本兼治，国际社会要更加重视发展问题，公正地处理地区冲突，加强相互理解与对话，而不是刺激不同文明之间的对立。     

当代恐怖主义中的宗教因素

冷战之后,宗教恐怖主义成为国际社会面临的主要威胁。宗教之所以与恐怖主义密切相关,乃是因为二者有着天然的联系。每一种宗教中都包含暴力冲突的隐喻。暴力通过"正义战争"的概念得以合法化。宗教恐怖主义形成的根源在于全球秩序变革引发的认同危机,在非西方社会这种危机还与殖民主义有着不可分割的联系。这种背景对恐怖分子的心理产生了深刻影响,同时也提示我们对于恐怖主义的理解要具备一定的移情能力。