创业直觉研究述评及展望

直觉在创业者决策实践中至关重要,但理论界对此却关注不足,国内相关研究尤为匮乏。从直觉与创业关系出发,提炼创业直觉概念内涵,剖析影响创业直觉的内外部因素及其作用过程,挖掘创业直觉对创业者、创业行为和新企业的作用机制,据此构建了创业直觉研究的理论框架。框架关注创业直觉的驱动机制、本质特征和效应机制三个环节,兼顾中间机制和边界条件,明晰了相关理论基础、研究视角、分析方法和研究内容,对开展实证研究和情境化检验具有参考意义。     

学科化服务在科研机构决策中发挥咨询作用的思考

科学、快速的科研决策是机构健康、科学发展的前提。如何有效地面向科研机构开展科技决策咨询,构建面向科研单元的科技咨询,是我国学科化服务当前重要发展方向。本文总结国内外科研决策咨询服务发展现状,揭示限制我国当前科研机构战略决策信息服务发展的各种问题,结合我国学科化服务现状,提出了面向科研机构开展科技战略决策服务的几点建议。     

网络舆论与政府公共决策

网络舆论在我国迅速崛起,并对政府公共决策的进行产生了重大的影响。文章在对网络舆论的特征及其正负面影响进行分析的基础上,提出了合理利用网络舆论的对策。     

基于小波域盲检可见彩色水印算法研究

提出了一种新颖的基于小波域彩色可见水印算法,主要包括可见水印的嵌入、关键信息的加密处理、关键信息的嵌入算法、关键信息的提取算法与原始图像的恢复。载体图像和水印图像都是彩色的,并利用matlab6．5平台进行了算法的实验,实验结果表明该算法具有较强的透明性和鲁棒性。     

Olivine-norite rock detected by the lunar rover Yutu-2 likely crystallized from the SPA-impact melt pool

Chang’E-4 landed in the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, providing a unique chance to probe the composition of the lunar interior. Its landing site is located on ejecta strips in Von Kármán crater that possibly originate from the neighboring Finsen crater. A surface rock and the lunar regolith at 10 sites along the rover Yutu-2 track were measured by the onboard Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer in the first three lunar days of mission operations. In situ spectra of the regolith have peak band positions at 1 and 2 μm, similar to the spectral data of Finsen ejecta from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper, which confirms that the regolith''s composition of the landing area is mostly similar to that of Finsen ejecta. The rock spectrum shows similar band peak positions, but stronger absorptions, suggesting relatively fresh exposure. The rock may consist of 38.1 ± 5.4% low-Ca pyroxene, 13.9 ± 5.1% olivine and 48.0 ± 3.1% plagioclase, referred to as olivine-norite. The plagioclase-abundant and olivine-poor modal composition of the rock is inconsistent with the origin of the mantle, but representative of the lunar lower crust. Alternatively, the rock crystallized from the impact-derived melt pool formed by the SPA-impact event via mixing the lunar crust and mantle materials. This scenario is consistent with fast-cooling thermal conditions of a shallow melt pool, indicated by the fine to medium-sized texture (<3 mm) of the rock and the SPA-impact melting model [Icarus 2012; 220: 730–43].     

The effect of athletic expertise and trait emotional intelligence on decision-making

The quality of decision and assessment of risk are key determinants of successful sport performance. Athletes differ fundamentally in their decision-making ability according to their athletic expertise level. Moreover, given the influence of emotions on decision-making, it is likely that a trait reflecting emotional functioning, trait emotional intelligence, may also influence decision-making. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the respective contribution of athletic expertise and trait emotional intelligence to non-athletic decision-making. In total, 269 participants aged between 18 and 26 years with a range of athletic experience i.e. none (n?=?71), novice (n?=?54), amateur (n?=?55), elite (n?=?45) and super-elite (n?=?44), completed the Emotional Intelligence Scale and the Cambridge Gambling Task. Regression modelling indicated a significant positive relationship of athletic expertise and trait emotional intelligence with the quality of decision-making, and a negative relationship with deliberation time and risk-taking. Cognitive skills transfer may explain the higher decision-making scores associated with higher athletic expertise, while individuals with higher trait emotional intelligence may anticipate better the emotional consequences linked with a gambling task, which may help individuals make better decisions and take less risks.     

论战略情报与战略决策的关系 ——基于美国情报界的历史考察

[目的/意义]梳理美国情报史上情报与决策关系的演变,纠正有关情报与决策关系的不正确认识。[方法/过程]通过文本细读方法,梳理谢尔曼·肯特、罗伯特·盖茨、威尔莫尔·肯达尔等人对情报与决策关系的看法。[结果/结论]应建立密切的情报与决策关系,避免情报政治化。     

Social media and the university decision. Do prospective students really care?

In the world of social media marketing, colleges and universities can benefit from enhanced understanding of how prospective students use social media. Due to the ever-evolving nature of social media use, there are gaps in the current research regarding how students use social media to aid in their matriculation decision-making. Using survey data from current university students across the U.S. (n?=?364) and one-on-one interviews (n?=?12) with students at a small liberal arts college, the authors address conflicting information where students report both using and not using social media to narrow their search and make their matriculation decision. The findings suggest that while students may not report visiting social media sites or may report that social media does not impact their matriculation decision when asked in a survey, in interview settings the vast majority of students reported using social media platforms to learn more about higher education schools under consideration. By exploring which platforms students use and the selection of platforms for specific use cases, the authors provide suggestions and guidelines for social media managers looking to maximize the effectiveness of their social media recruiting strategies and campaigns.     

大气对可见光波段遥感图像影响因素的分析

太阳是可见光波段遥感主要辐射源,太阳辐射通过地球大气二次传递至传感器时,其接收到的辐射强度与太阳辐射到达地球大气层顶的辐射强度相比,已有了很大的变化,特别是传至遥感器的地面反射太阳辐射强度受到了削弱,同时大气也是遥感图像畸变的主要原因,故在遥感测量时大气层的影响应加以考虑以消除地球大气对太阳辐射产生的重要影响.基于此,本文主要探讨了可见光波段大气对遥感图像的影响因素并对其分析.     

农业转移人口市民化微观决策机制研究?

借鉴成本收益理论,基于农业转移人口市民化意愿和经济理性的微观视角,构建我国农业转移人口市民化微观决策机制理论模型,并根据在重庆进行的实地调查数据进行实证检验。研究表明：农业转移人口在城市就业创业收入及其社会网络、文化程度以及农业生产成本和农村建房成本与转户迁移人数正相关,而城市劳动力素质、城市住房价格、城市日常生活开支与转户迁移人数负相关。农业转移人口在城市稳定就业后,根据转户迁移的收益与成本评估进行市民化决策,只有收益大于成本时才进行转户迁移;否则会继续“流而不迁”或返回农村。因此,仅仅拆除城乡户籍制度的藩篱并不能促成农业转移人口的快速市民化,还必须有效提高农民转户迁移的收益,并降低其成本。