不同强度健身跑对女大学生身体成分和肺通气功能的影响

为提高大学生阳光体育冬季长跑的实效性,探讨不同强度有氧健身跑对女大学生身体成分和肺通气功能的影响,选择北京林业大学60名大二健康女大学生为研究对象,运用文献资料法、教学实验法和数理统计法,进行了16周不同强度组别健身跑实验。结果发现:中、小强度健身跑锻炼对学生身体成分的影响显著,在脂肪百分比、身体质量指数、腰臀比指标均值改变的幅度最大,差异最显著(p0.01);高强度健身跑锻炼对身体成分的影响较小;通过对不同强度组学生两项肺功能指标测试,三种强度的健身跑使学生的肺功能指标均有一定幅度的提高,但中等强度健身跑对学生肺功能影响最大,提高幅度最明显,两项指标均呈现显著性差异(p0.01)。     

Relationships between anthropometric measures and athletic performance,with special reference to repeated-sprint ability,in the Qatar national soccer team

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine potential relationships between anthropometric parameters and athletic performance with special consideration to repeated-sprint ability (RSA). Sixteen players of the senior male Qatar national soccer team performed a series of anthropometric and physical tests including countermovement jumps without (CMJ) and with free arms (CMJwA), straight-line 20 m sprint, RSA (6 × 35 m with 10 s recovery) and incremental field test. Significant (P < 0.05) relationships occurred between muscle-to-bone ratio and both CMJs height (r ranging from 0.56 to 0.69) as well as with all RSA-related variables (r < –0.53 for sprinting times and r = 0.54 for maximal sprinting speed) with the exception of the sprint decrement score (S_dec). The sum of six skinfolds and adipose mass index were largely correlated with S_dec (r = 0.68, P < 0.01 and r = 0.55, P < 0.05, respectively) but not with total time (TT, r = 0.44 and 0.33, P > 0.05, respectively) or any standard athletic tests. Multiple regression analyses indicated that muscular cross-sectional area for mid-thigh, adipose index, straight-line 20 m time, maximal sprinting speed and CMJwA are the strongest predictors of S_dec (r² = 0.89) and TT (r² = 0.95) during our RSA test. In the Qatar national soccer team, players’ power-related qualities and RSA are associated with a high muscular profile and a low adiposity. This supports the relevance of explosive power for the soccer players and the larger importance of neuromuscular qualities determining the RSA.     

从具象到抽象——关于平面构成教学方法的思考

要解决平面构成教学中学生对抽象的形难于把握的问题，首先要开启学生对于自然中美的形式的发现，探索点、线、面的的形式与人的心理感受的关系；然后训练其对自然的形的选择与提炼能力，在选择与提炼的基础上发挥联想与想象力进行组合与繁殖，以此形成把握抽象的形的能力。     

低氧训练过程中大鼠体重及能量代谢的变化

目的：研究低氧训练过程中大鼠体重、体成分、能量摄入及静息代谢率的变化，初步探讨低氧训练过程中大鼠体重变化与能量代谢变化间关系。方法：经过适应性训练筛选出的50只SD大鼠平均分为5组，保证每组大鼠体重基本一致，随机分为常氧安静组、常氧限食组、常氧训练组、低氧安静组、低氧训练组。训练组大鼠采用水平动物跑台进行耐力训练6周。试验期间每周称量大鼠体重，每3天称量一次大鼠食物摄入量。试验前、试验1周、3周、5周末测定大鼠静息代谢率，试验后处死大鼠并剥离其肾周、腹股沟脂肪及腓肠肌，称量其重量。结果：低氧训练组大鼠体重增幅除在第6周末与常氧训练组无显著性差异外，均显著性低于其他试验组，试验前3周其体重出现负增长。试验后低氧训练组大鼠肾周及腹股沟脂肪总含量显著低于其他试验组，而腓肠肌重量与其他组无显著性差异。低氧训练组大鼠试验期间总食物摄入量较其他各组大鼠低，尤其在前3周。低氧训练组大鼠静息代谢率先上升而后逐渐下降，至试验3周末时仍高于试验前值，试验5周末时降至低于试验前值（差异不显著），而除低氧安静组外的其他组大鼠静息代谢率则持续下降，至试验5周末时均显著性低于试验前水平。结论：从减缓体重增加幅度及对体成分的影响角度看，低氧训练减体重的效果优于限制饮食、耐力训练及低氧暴露。低氧训练过程中食物摄入量减少及静息代谢率增加可能是大鼠体重增长减缓的原因。     

达克罗涂液工艺技术研究

论述了达克罗涂液中A、B、C三种组分的构成、制备及作用,以及达克罗涂料配制工艺等关键技术的研究成果.     

人体体成分的模型及检测方法研究进展

人体体成分的研究由来已久，随着科技的飞速发展，其研究层次日益深入，研究手段也渐趋丰富。对人体体成分的模型及检测方法，特别是十几种间接测定方法，进行了较为全面的概括性总结，以期能对人体体成分学研究的进一步深入有所裨益。     

构图在绘画中的地位

构图是一幅画的灵魂,绘画必须从作画始就建立起对构图的审美意识和设计意识。     

他山之石 可以攻玉——由方帆的《我在美国教中文作文》所想到的

方帆的《我在美国教中文作文》介绍了他在美国的作文教学方法,对照中国目前作文教学中费、差、慢等问题,发现三点有益启示,即:作文教学应注重学生之间相互合作;应强化学生的实践性操作;应突出学生主动性的发挥。     

制造企业中的知识管理问题研究

针对制造企业中知识管理问题,以航空制造企业为例给出了制造企业知识管理应用的基本过程,分析了在制造企业中的实施知识管理时的知识需求和知识构成等问题。这些问题的研究对企业制定知识管理策略、成功实施知识管理有重要作用,对制造企业特别是航空制造企业实施知识管理有普遍适用性。最后对制造企业中实施知识管理提出了实施策略和建议。     

Unusual changes in colostrum composition in lactating Indian women having medical complications during pregnancy—A pilot study

Colostrum, the mammary secretion during first 2–4 days of lactation, provides all the essential components of nutrition and passive immunity required by the newborn. Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), glucose intolerance and anaemia are common medical complications observed during pregnancy in Indian women and their effects were studied on the composition of colostrum collected within 24 hours of delivery from lactating women included in the study. PIH during pregnancy significantly decreased colostrum IgA and total proteins, but showed a significant increase in K⁺ levels, where as women with glucose intolerance showed a significant decrease in total lipids and lactose and an increase in Na⁺ levels in colostrum compared to normal controls. The group with anaemia also showed a significant decrease in colostrum IgA and total protein levels when compared with the control group. Awareness about the changes that occur in the composition of colostrum during complicated pregnancies can be an important and useful tool for preventive and protective paediatrics.