音、体、美、舞蹈专业教育对青春期女大学生体成分与骨密度的影响*

目的:比较音、体、美、舞蹈专业教育对青春期女大学生体成分及骨密度(BMD)的影响.方法:采用双能X线吸收法和生物电阻抗法对232名岭南师范学院音、体、美、舞蹈及普通专业大一女生体成分和骨密度进行测试.结果:①体育生和舞蹈生腰臀比、体脂百分比低于音乐生、美术生与普通生,而体重、肌肉量却高于音乐生、美术生与普通生;音乐生与美术生的体重高于普通生,具有统计学差异(p＜0.05).②体育生和舞蹈生前臂骨和跟骨的骨密度值均高于音乐生、美术生与普通生;美术生跟骨骨密度高于音乐生与普通生,差异具有统计学意义(p＜0.05);体育生前臂骨跟骨骨密度与普通生比分别高出,13.63％,22.31％.结论:音、体、美、舞蹈专业教育对青春期女大学生体成分和骨密度的影响各有不同:经常参与体育与舞蹈锻炼,能增加去脂体重,有效提高骨密度;音乐与美术专业教育对女生形体美的塑造有一定作用,但却不能有效提高去脂体重和骨密度、减少体脂量及体脂在腰部的堆积.     

Estimating fat-free mass in elite-level male rowers: a four-compartment model validation of laboratory and field methods

The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of fat-free mass (FFM) estimates from two-compartment (2C) models including air displacement plethysmography (ADP), ultrasound (US), near-infrared interactance (NIR), and the Jackson and Pollock skinfold equation (SKF) against a criterion four-compartment (4C) model in elite male rowers. METHODS: Twenty-three elite-level male rowers (mean± SD; age 24.6 ± 2.2 years; stature: 191.4 ± 7.2 cm; mass: 87.2 ± 11.2 kg) participated in this investigation. All body composition assessments were performed on the same day in random order, except for hydrostatic weighing (HW), which was measured last. FFM was evaluated using a 4C model, which included total body water from bioimpedance spectroscopy, body volume from HW, and total body bone mineral via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The major findings of the study were that the 2C models evaluated overestimated FFM and should be considered with caution for the assessment of FFM in elite male rowers. Future studies should use multiple-compartment models, with measurement of TBW and bone mineral content, for the estimation of FFM.     

Association of different types of playing surfaces with bone mass in growing girls

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare bone mass in young female athletes playing ball games on different types of playing surfaces. About 120 girls, 9–13 years of age (10.6 ± 1.5 years old Tanner I–III) were recruited and divided into prepubertal and pubertal groups. The sample represented 3 groups of athletes: soccer (N = 40), basketball (N = 40), and handball (N = 40); and 6 different playing surfaces (soccer – ground, soccer – artificial turf, basketball – synthetic, basketball – parquet, handball – synthetic, and handball – smooth concrete). Total and regional body composition (bone mass, fat mass, and lean mass) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The mechanical properties of the surfaces (force reduction, vertical deformation, and energy return) were measured with the Advanced Artificial Athlete (Triple A) method. The degree of sexual development was determined using Tanner test. The pubertal group showed that soccer players on the ground, basketball players on synthetic, and handball players on smooth concrete had higher values of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) (P < 0.05) than the soccer players on the artificial turf, basketball players on parquet, and handball players on synthetic. In conclusion, a hard playing surface, with less vertical deformation and force reduction, and greater energy return, is associated with higher levels of BMD and BMC in growing girls, regardless of the sport they practice.     

Physical Inactivity,Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes: An Evolutionary Perspective

Physical inactivity (and unhealthy nutrition) has distorted body composition and, in turn, reordered the proportions of myocyte and adipocyte insulin receptors. Insulin acting on adipocyte receptors produces less glucose uptake than does comparable interaction with myocyte receptors. Accordingly, in individuals with disproportionate muscle/fat composition, any given glucose load requires greater-than-normal pancreatic insulin secretion for adequate disposal. This hyperinsulinemia then becomes the leading cause of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as insulin-sensitive tissues become desensitized. Because T2DM is rooted in potentially reversible lifestyle factors, rather than focusing on the intricacies of glucoregulation at the molecular level and on testing new drugs to control blood sugar, this article calls for a new prevention and treatment paradigm, in which exercise and weight control are essential and for which an inexpensive and acceptably accurate measure of body muscle and fat proportions is needed.     

Cultural Differences in Garnering Social Capital on Facebook: French People Prefer Close Ties and Americans Prefer Distant Ties

The link between social capital (SC) and Facebook has been widely studied in the U.S., and less is known about how students from different cultures use the site to garner SC. We measured network composition, communication on Facebook, and SC via questionnaires in France and the U.S. We found that American students have a greater proportion of distant to close ties in their networks and higher levels of bridging SC than French, the latter preferring bonding SC. A stronger relationship between SC and communication via Facebook was observed in the U.S. These findings are explained by cultural differences in relatedness.     

企业进入、产业波动与就业增长——对我国高技术产业的实证分析

考虑可能影响地区就业增长的微观和宏观因素,利用我国2000—2009年31个省市区高技术产业的数据,通过面板PDLS模型和分位数回归模型实证分析企业进入和产业波动对就业增长的影响,研究结果表明:企业进入对就业增长的影响呈现出波浪形的变化趋势,从短期和长期来看,企业进入对就业增长有正向的促进作用,但从中期来看则表现为负向影响;产业波动对就业增长的影响呈现出先正后负的变化趋势,在短期内产业波动可以促进就业增长,长期内则会抑制就业增长。政府应降低行政性准入壁垒对企业进入的消极影响,营造公平的市场进入环境和完善的产业发展环境。     

A methodology for the identification of glass panes of different origin in a single stained glass window: Application on two 13th century windows

The chemical composition of 11 glass panes originating from two 13th century non-figurative windows were analyzed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray system (SEM-EDX). The windows were discovered in the back-wall of the triforium during the restoration of the choir of the cathedral St. Michael and St. Gudule in Brussels (Belgium). In order to determine if these windows were fabricated with glass of different origin or not, the compositional difference between the panes were compared with the variation in composition as a result of the following causes: (1) compositional fluctuation between panes cut from the same sheet of glass, (2) compositional fluctuation caused when panes are cut from different sheets that were made with the same batch, (3) compositional fluctuation caused when the glass is made from different batches at the same production center, and (4) compositional fluctuation as a result of glass produced at different fabrication centers.     

投掷运动员体成分的调查分析

通过对受试者体成分皮褶厚度的测定,并对其派生指标的比较发现：投掷选手皮脂较厚,其中重器械投掷选手达到肥胖标准。分析认为,这是由于其肌肉体积逐渐增大的同时,总伴随着皮下脂肪逐渐堆积的结果。肥胖不仅影响运动的效果,对身体健康也不利。建议投掷选手在促使肌肉体积增大的同时应积极采取消除脂肪的措施。     

高师体育专业实施“指导教师制”培养模式研究

运用问卷调查、文献资料法,主要针对高师体育专业毕业论文写作及综合能力培养中存在的问题,剖析导致原因,提出构建“指导教师制”(Faculty Adviser System)培养模式将是解决该问题的重要途径,结果对我国高师体育专业学生培养质量的提高、适应社会能力的增强将具有重要意义。     

大众艺术健身操对女子体成份影响的实验研究

利用"Bios pace"身体成份分析仪,对大众健身操女子体成份特征及其分布特征进行研究.结果发现体脂及体脂比率、总体液及比率、躯干体液及比率、细胞内液、细胞内液/细胞外液比值和上臂肌肉周长及上臂周长均无显著性,较高于普通人;细胞外液和上臂周差无显著性差异,较低于普通人;腹部脂肪比率及肥胖度、蛋白质含量及比率、肢体体液及比率、无机质含量具有显著性差异,高于普通人水平;去脂体重及体重比率具有非常显著性差异.