美国黑人教会的形成及作用探析

南北战争和黑奴解放运动以后，取消了许多禁止黑人集会的法律，大规模的黑人离开了黑人白人混合的教会和教宗，建立起他们自己的教会。黑人教会的形成对美国黑人受教育、参与政治生活等诸多方面产生了深远的影响。宗教不仅给黑人提供了精神发泄的场所，还为其提供了获得自由的希望。     

股东委托投票制度：中外现状与改革思路

股东委托投票制度主要是解决小股东缺席股东会所带来的问题，初衷是让小股东通过委托投票机制对股东会的议题进行表决，从而对公司决策产生影响，但事情没有这么简单，委托投票制常常成为企业的购并，公司接管，大股东之间控制竞争的工具，因此，必须设计好委托投票制，特别是对代理人的资格进行限定，对代理方式进行改革，只有这样，才能使股东委托投票制度发挥建设性的作用。     

Political homophily on social network sites and users' poll skepticism

Although many studies have investigated citizens' attitudes toward polls and the political consequences, there have been no studies examining the effects of social network site (SNS) users' opinion environments on their poll skepticism. Based on prior studies on poll skepticism, we examine the relationship between perceived SNS opinion environments, poll skepticism, perceived concerns over the negative influence of the polls, and voting intention in an upcoming election. Using the survey data of the 2012 South Korean General Election, this study found that if the published polls are against respondents' political position, their homophilous SNS opinion environments promote poll skepticism, and augmented poll skepticism leads to concerns over the negative influence of the polls on other voters, which in turn increases voting intention.     

Internet voting in Estonia 2005–2019: Evidence from eleven elections

Internet voting is a highly contested topic in electoral studies. This article examines Internet voting in Estonia over 15 years and 11 nation-wide elections. It focuses on the following questions: How is Internet voting organized and used in Estonia? How have the Estonian Internet voting system and its usage evolved over time? What are the preconditions and consequences of large-scale deployment of Internet voting? The results suggest that the rapid uptake and burgeoning usage rates reflect the system's embeddedness in a highly developed digital state and society. Through continuous technological and legal innovation and development, Estonia has built an advanced Internet voting system that complies with normative standards for democratic elections and is widely trusted and used by the voters. Internet voting has not boosted turnout in a setting where voting was already easily accessible. Neither has it created digital divides: Internet voting in Estonia has diffused to the extent that socio-demographic characteristics no longer predict usage. This, combined with massive uptake, reduces incentives for political parties to politicize the novel voting mode.     

国有股表决权证券化构建上市公司新型政企关系的探索

解决国有上市公司存在的问题的关键是，将上市公司的国有股表决权证券化为类似于股票的国有股表决权证，竞价发行后上市流通交易，与原有流通股一起构成统一的公司控制权市场。改进国家对公司的控制模式，分离主动表决权与被动表决权，制定《国有股被动表决权行使法》，政府只以被动表决权方式行使有关政治、产业政策方面的保留权利；而将资源配置方面的权利售予流通股公众，由流通股股东控制公司经营权，调动流通股东促进资源配置的积极性，形成国家依法监管与企业自主经营相结合的新型政企关系。     

累积投票制的博弈性及其对策

我国公司法在上市公司中引入了累积投票制度,实务中对其相关知识便产生了需求。累积投票制度因具备一个完整的博弈构成要件而具有博弈性,其博弈性的特点是：累积投票主要是非合作博弈,也可能是合作博弈,是静态博弈、有限策略博弈与非零和博弈。为了减少累积投票的博弈效果,鼓励合作博弈,可以采取立法手段、分类董事会、缩小董事会规模和购买表决权无效原则等方法。     

基于三菱PLC的有弃权表决器设计

文章以7人表决器为例,阐述了有弃权表决器的设计方法,该方法可扩展到多人有弃权表决器的设计中去,较好地解决通用表决器的实际应用问题。     

论我国差异化表决权适用“定期日落条款”的依据与路径

虽然在我国科创板上市规则中包含了差异表决权的内容,但是没有规定定期日落条款。定期日落条款具有约束特别表决权股东行为和平衡股东利益的功能。我国对资本市场的监管还不成熟,在,上市规则中规定了事件型日落条款,却并不具有“日落条款”的实际功能。在差异化表决机制中,引入定期日落条款,并结合“延期程序”,能更好地保护股东的利益。我国采取差异化表决权的上市公司在IPO时,在公司招股说明书和公司章程中都应该明确规定定期日落条款和“延期程序”,以提高制度的灵活性。     

基于检错编码方法容侵系统中的投票机制研究

SITAR(ScalableIntrusion-TolerantArchitecture)容侵系统模型是由美国DARPA支持的一项研究计划,它的目标是保护COTS(Commercial-Of-The-Shelf)服务器,但该模型投票监视器在投票/裁决之前需要进行结果的复杂转换,才能决定结果的发布者,造成系统的代价较高.文章将分组码的特性应用到SITAR容侵模型的投票机制中去,讨论有效避免在SITAR模型中投票监视器在投票/裁决之前需进行结果的复杂转换的方法.     

基于单粒子的量子投票方案

提出了一个量子投票方案。投票者利用局域幺正操作进行投票,计票员可根据测量的结果计算出投票的结果。通过对方案的正确性和秘密性进行分析,表明该方案是安全的。而且,与采用N维量子纠缠态的量子投票方案相比,该方案只涉及二维量子态,测量较为简单,这在现有的技术条件下是更易于实现的。