Researching Internet Communities: Proposed Ethical Guidelines for the Reporting of Results

Communication researchers and social scientists are quickly discovering the value of data that exists in the postings of members of Internet e-mail, Usenet, and real-time groups. The ability to communicate with one's peers, no matter how esoteric the interests, is causing an explosion in the number of new virtual communities. The interpersonal dynamics of these groups are increasingly coming under the scrutiny of academic research. The publicly available archived records of Internet virtual communities are being analyzed for a wide variety of research interests. The ability to do naturalistic observations of group dynamics, as they are exhibited in these exchanges of text, has captured the attention of many researchers. The institutional review boards of major universities are granting researchers exempt or expedited (exempt from full review) status for this work, due to the public nature of the notes being analyzed. These studies often involve the lack of informed consent, where the group members under study are unaware they are being monitored. There is a potential for psychological harm to the members of these groups, depending on the way results are reported. This article explores the ethical considerations that must be taken into account to protect cyberspace participants. The guidelines proposed are based on the American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for use of human subjects in research. An explanation is offered as to how such guidelines can best be applied to the study of Internet communities. The constructs of Group Accessibility (the public/private nature of the actual cyberspace occupied by a group) and Perceived Privacy (the level of privacy that group members assume they have) are defined and proposed as two dimensions by which individual Internet communities may be evaluated in order to assure the ethical reporting of research findings.     

Using Health Literacy in School to Overcome Inequalities

Health literacy has firmly established the links between literacy skills and health outcomes and is subsequently considered a key strategy for improving the health of disadvantaged populations and addressing social inequality. However, current research findings for improving health literacy have primarily focused on adults and actions within health and health care settings. Implementation studies outside the health sector are scarce. This study, a subset of the INCLUD-ED community- based project on social inclusion, reports on successful community-based approaches to health literacy. This article focuses on two schools that take advantage of the cultural intelligence of their students' family members, allowing them to make health literacy programmes more effective and useful for the participants. In addition, family involvement in educational activities addressed to children, including health programmes, has been found to improve the health literacy of the participating adults and their use of healthcare services. Findings indicate that schools in Europe can play a key role in breaking the cycle of health inequalities by promoting health literacy through education.     

师源性弱体的成因及转变对策探析

在现实生活中,许多教师对学生冷语相待、体罚、心罚学生、忽视学生的现象却又屡见不鲜,这些都直接或间接地对学生的身心造成了严重的伤害,使学生渐渐沦为了学习中的弱势群体。师源性弱体的出现归根到底是师源性伤害行为引起的,危害是非常大的。因此,教师应该:在反思中审视教育观念,在实践中提高自我素养,在互动中搭建沟通平台,在决策中巧用教育机智。     

全纳教育理念下青少年学生体质弱势群体健康状况的干预研究

本研究在全纳教育理念下运用文献资料法、实验法对青少年学生体质弱势群体的体质健康状况进行了干预研究。结果显示,干预对于学生的身体形态方面的体重测量指标具有显著效果,其他方面的变化不具有显著性;能够有效的提高学生的生理机能上的评价指标水平;能够有效的提高身体素质各方面测量指标的成绩。最后结合实验干预的具体情况,从教师的提高、运动处方的制定、与家长沟通三方面提出了相应的建议。     

论阅读社会构建中的图书馆价值定位

促进社会公众阅读是图书馆的重要核心价值,图书馆在构筑阅读社会的过程中需要积极发挥自身的价值,坚持为群众服务的方针,重视弱势群体在阅读社会构建中的重要位置,关注其阅读能力和阅读状况,利用发达的网络信息技术,提供省时、低成本、高效率的阅读服务,保障读者阅读权利的实现,确立图书馆在阅读社会构建中的重要价值使命。     

大学生弱势群体扶持策略分析

随着社会发展的不断转型和高等教育的快速推进,大学生弱势群体问题日益突出。通过对大学生弱势群体的界定、分析,提出了构建大学生弱势群体的扶持策略,促使弱势大学生健康成长成才。     

运城学院体质弱势群体学生体育活动现状分析

运城学院体质弱势群体大学生比例较高,其中男性与女性体质弱势群体的比例相近,其分布主要集中于偏瘦或偏胖的人群及因身体有疾病或残疾而不适宜参加体育锻炼的大学生中;学校应继续加大对体育场地、场馆及体育器材的投入力度,并扩大到学校周边地区;应进一步增加体育方面的师资力量,对学生感兴趣的运动项目增加开课班次;体育教师在授课过程中应加强体质弱势群体大学生正确体育价值观的培养,深化体育内涵,建立多元评价体系,以提高体质弱势群体大学生体育学习的积极性。     

社区教育:实现城市弱势群体教育支持的有效途径

城市弱势群体教育支持,是其获得自我发展能力、自我实现机会的重要途径。社区教育作为现代教育社会化的新型教育模式,能够为城市弱势群体接受继续教育、获得自我发展能力提供有力保障。因此,大力发展社区教育,进一步加强政府统筹规划和有效干预、充分发挥社区人文关怀的凝聚作用、设置切合实际需求的教学内容以及促成社区教育发展合力,是实现城市弱势群体教育支持的有效途径,也是最终从根本上解决城市弱势群体问题的重要保障。     

政治资本失衡对民众弱势心理的影响机制研究

随着社会政治、经济、文化的快速发展,中国社会各领域的不公平问题日益凸显,这将深刻影响着人们的心理状态。民众弱势心理成为这一时期社会各界关注的焦点。本文采用规范研究和实证研究相结合的方法,探讨政治资本失衡对民众弱势心理的影响机制。层级回归分析结果表明,政治资本失衡对民众弱势心理的产生具有显著正向作用;同时,政治资本失衡通过社会公平感和相对剥夺感的完全中介作用间接影响民众弱势心理的产生;自我效能感对政治资本失衡-弱势心理关系的调节作用显著。文章在此基础上提出相应干预策略。     

我国筹备奥运会过程中值得关注的几个问题

采用文献资料、专家访谈等方法,探讨我国筹备2008奥运会过程中值得关注的几个问题,提出应尽快将“北京奥运会经济战略”重新定位于“国家整体奥运战略”,要警惕奥运后场馆大量闲置,坚持节俭办奥运,要防止夸大奥运对经济的刺激作用,出现不计后果的盲目投资,要关注举办城市弱势群体的生活,要重视安保问题。