NEGOTIATING POLITICIANS’ RESPONSIBILITIES IN NEWS INTERVIEWS

News interviews are contexts in which political responsibilities are articulated and negotiated. Although the accountability interview is recognized as a commonsense practice in journalism, and the research on political interviews is substantial, it partly remains to explore how responsibilities are negotiated in different forms of questioning in journalism. This study investigates three generic forms of questioning: accountability questioning, the clarifying of promises, and the principal assessments. Key features of the different forms are specified. The empirical study investigates how the questionings are performed in news on industrial crises in Sweden, in the different political regimes in the 1970s and the 2000s. The data consist of 27 news interviews with the formally responsible Ministers. The method is based on Conversation Analysis and includes detailed analyses of questions and answers. The study shows (1) how the forms of questioning differ when it comes to the action agenda and in how responsibilities are invoked and negotiated; (2) how the questionings tend to reproduce particular expectations of Governmental interventions; (3) how increased assertiveness and adversarialness in interviewing coincide with reduced expectations of political responsibilities.     

世界竞走运动(1991～1998年)发展的状况分析及展望

对1991-1998年、1991-1995年、1996-1998年各阶段世界竞走运动的发展状况进行了分析,结果表明:1995年底竞走定义的修改并未对世界竞走运动的发展产生不良影响,反而更加促进了世界竞走运动的健康发展.展望今后世界竞走运动发展的新思路:充分利用竞走运动的特殊性和人体生物力学界限标准及比赛中裁判员的判罚界限标准进行训练和比赛;改善和提高训练、比赛的方法、手段,特别是高原训练的方法、手段;完善赛前运动员运动能力的控制和比赛中走动节奏的控制;更加重视科学选材及心理训练和恢复训练等都将是今后世界竞走运动发展的趋势.     

健身竞走运动的生物力学的特征

摘要: 目的:对健身竞走的生物力学特征进行分析,以证实健身竞走是一项能够综合走与跑步优势的运动项目。方法:运用实验法、数理统计法,对普通人完成健身竞走、普通健身走和跑步的运动学、动力学指标进行统计分析。结果:无论在常速还是快速时,健身竞走与普通健身走在步长、步速、步频等方面有显著性差异;健身竞走更容易达到较高的速度和更大的运动强度,并且各关节的地面反作用力均非常显著小于常速跑步。结论:健身竞走有利于实现高效的健身效果,并且受伤的可能性小于跑步,是一项非常安全的运动项目,应进行广泛的推广。     

30 min of treadmill walking at self-selected speed does not increase gait variability in independent elderly

Walking is one of the preferred exercises among elderly, but could a prolonged walking increase gait variability, a risk factor for a fall in the elderly? Here we determine whether 30 min of treadmill walking increases coefficient of variation of gait in elderly. Because gait responses to exercise depend on fitness level, we included 15 sedentary and 15 active elderly. Sedentary participants preferred a lower gait speed and made smaller steps than the actives. Step length coefficient of variation decreased ~16.9% by the end of the exercise in both the groups. Stride length coefficient of variation decreased ~9% after 10 minutes of walking, and sedentary elderly showed a slightly larger step width coefficient of variation (~2%) at 10 min than active elderly. Active elderly showed higher walk ratio (step length/cadence) than sedentary in all times of walking, but the times did not differ in both the groups. In conclusion, treadmill gait kinematics differ between sedentary and active elderly, but changes over time are similar in sedentary and active elderly. As a practical implication, 30 min of walking might be a good strategy of exercise for elderly, independently of the fitness level, because it did not increase variability in step and stride kinematics, which is considered a risk of fall in this population.     

概化理论在结构化面试评分误差中的应用研究

应用概化理论对结构化面试的评分误差的控制问题进行了研究。结果表明:结构化面试评分能够较好地反映出被试的真实能力水平,评分具有较高的信度;在保证较高的面试评分信度(0.80)的情况下,建议将考官人数减少至9名,以提高结构化面试的经济性和效率性。     

浅论跨文化采访的心理接触点问题

随着全球科技、经济一体化的进程 ,跨文化交流已经成为一门学科。在新闻采访领域 ,我国很多机构有常驻世界各地进行日常采访的驻外记者 ,跨文化的采访活动越来越普遍。本文就如何把握好跨文化采访的心理接触点问题 ,即如何很快地拉近不同国家、不同文化的采访对象与记者的心理距离 ,顺利完成采访任务进行了一些研究。     

散步对中老年高级知识分子心脏功能影响的追踪分析

对采用散步作为锻炼手段的40名中老年高级知识分子的心脏功能指标进行追踪测试，显示散步可使中老年高级知识分子的PR、HOV、HOI降低；SV、SI、VPE、EWK升高；而对于CO、CI、LVWI的影响较小。提示坚持散步对提高中老年高级知识分子的心脏功能有较好的作用。     

不同走步姿态的运动生物力学对比分析

通过录像、测力台和八通道无线表面肌电仪同步的方法,对9名受试者进行不同走步姿态(内八走、正常走、外八走)的测试,运用录像解析系统、三维测力平台软件(版本V5.2)和肌电数据处理软件获得运动学、动力学和肌电学数据。结果显示:(1)外八X方向的力值是最大的,正常走在Y方向和Z方向的力值是最大的。(2)在正常步态中,半腱肌平均肌电的值是最大的,半腱肌的主要作用是使大腿在髋关节处旋内.对抗骨盆的扭转。内八步态中半腱肌和腓肠肌内侧平均肌电的值都比较大,导致用来对抗骨盆扭转的内回旋程度超过了骨盆扭转程度,从而形成了内八的走步姿势。外八步态中股二头肌和腓肠肌外侧平均肌电的值是最大的,使得骨盆的外回旋程度加大,从而造成了外八的走步姿势。(3)在正常步态中原动肌的积分肌电比较高,说明肌肉用力比较大,在此过程中人体给地面以较大的作用力,同时地面给人体以较大的支撑反作用力。     

高校图书馆重点访谈制度研究

文章阐明了高校图书馆采访工作中重点访谈制度的意义，提出了选择重点访谈对象的标准，实施重点访谈制度必须遵循的原则。     

学生作业负担的课堂评价因素探讨

通过访谈17位中小学教师对学生作业负担影响因素的理解,结果发现：大部分教师认为作业布置（作业类型、作业来源和是否允许有选择的做）、作业批改与反馈、课堂反馈和评价伦理（教师偏好）通过影响学生作业正确率、作业态度和心情,进而会影响学生的作业负担。针对这些发现,提出如下建议：分层设计多种类型的作业,有效减轻不同学生的作业负担;作业批改与反馈应关注描述性和时效性,改善学生后续作业的质量;课堂反馈应注重激励性,有效减轻学生的作业心理负担;营建和谐的师生关系,丰富学生积极的作业体验。