Optimization of serial combined system of ground-coupled heat pump and solar collector

A mathematical optimization model was set up for a ground-solar combined system based on in-situ experimental results,in which the solar collector was combined serially with a ground-coupled heat pump(GCHP).The universal optimal equations were solved by the constrained variable metric method considering both the performance and economics.Then the model was applied to a specific case concerning an actual solar assisted GCHP system for space heating.The results indicated a system coefficient of performance(COP)of 3.9 for the optimal method under the seriaI heating mode,and 3.2 for the conventional one.In addition,the optimum solution also showed advantages in energy and cost saving.1eading to a 16.7%improvement in the heat pump performance at 17.2%less energy consumption and 11.8%lower annual cost,respectively.     

采用微波加热合成对正丁氧基苯乙酸

采用微波加热方法,以对羟基苯乙酮为原料经过威尔格罗特-金德勒反应合成了对正丁氧基苯乙酸,反应速度比常规加热快26倍,反应总收率可达88．3％．     

基于新型太阳能空气源热泵供热系统的热泵性能研究

为进一步提高太阳能利用效率和太阳能辅助空气源热泵供热系统的性能,提出了一种新型太阳能空气源热泵供热系统,并研究了该供热系统的性能和特性.基于自行设计的10kW空气源热泵,建立了供热系统的数学模型,通过模拟得出了不同环境温度和出水温度下供热系统的运行特性和性能规律.结果表明：基于新型太阳能辅助空气源热泵供热系统,热泵的性能得到较大的提高.当环境温度为7℃时,空气源热泵的COP最大可增加26%.这为进一步研究新型太阳能辅助空气源热泵供热系统在供暖季节的性能奠定了基础.     

中国北方地区采暖季农宅室内热舒适调查(英文)

介绍了在2008年12月至2009年3月对北京近郊的农宅室内热环境进行的现场调查.对空气温度、平均辐射温度、风速、相对湿度等室内环境参数进行了测量,以问卷方式调查记录了居民的热感觉,并考察了农民的衣着和生活习惯.调查结果表明,农宅中性温度为18.4℃,可接受温度区间下限为10.9℃.舒适温度受到农民的衣着习惯和生活方式影响.因此北方农宅的采暖温度标准不能照搬城镇单元式住宅楼的采暖标准.通过与北京近郊农宅的比较,发现在相同的操作温度下,湖南农宅居民感觉更冷,原因可能是湖南农宅有较高的相对湿度.     

微型冷热电联产系统动力装置的参数优化

建立了内燃机的通用数学模型,提出了内燃机的运行经济区.得出了改装后的LJ276M型内燃机的数学模型,并界定了此内燃机的运行经济区的边界范围,分析了此内燃机的运行优化曲线和最佳运行工况点.针对动力系统的冷热电、热电和供电3种操作模式,分别建立了能量转换数学模型,优化了动力装置的内燃机/变速箱传送比ies、电动机/变速箱传送比ims和电动机/内燃机传送比ime.结果表明：在冷热电模式下,ies和ims的优化值分别为2.9和1;在热电模式下,当动力系统需求负荷小于内燃机运行经济区的下限值时,ime取1,而当动力系统需求负荷超过内燃机运行经济区的下限值时,ime取0.85;在供电模式下,ims的最优值取2.5.     

Technology adoption,consumer inattention and heuristic decision-making: Evidence from a UK district heating scheme

This paper contributes to the debate on the energy efficiency paradox according to which consumers fail to adopt cost-effective, energy efficient technologies over less efficient technologies and therefore fail to reduce energy consumption. Both traditional and behavioural theories are used to investigate the decision-making process of residential consumers with empirical evidence based upon a specially designed quasi-experimental survey of 784 households on the decision to connect to a district-heating system, a more energy efficient alternative to individual heating systems. The results suggest an internal discount rate of around 36 per cent for homeowners, a signal that consumers undervalue future energy costs. We also find the household’s decision to be negatively affected by years of payback up to around 7–8 years. Our findings suggest that neglecting consumer inattention and heuristics can lead to biases which cast doubt on the existence of the energy efficiency paradox. We believe that these results help to explain why some consumers are unlikely to invest in energy efficient technology, particularly those on low incomes.     

国内外供热行业体制改革实践与内蒙古供热改革思路

城市供热行业体制改革是一项复杂的系统工程,改革的难度很大。国外一些国家和国内一些省市在城市供热市场化改革实践中积累了诸多经验。纵观国内外供热行业体制改革实践和内蒙古供热行业的现状,内蒙古城市供热市场化改革出路将主要集中在城市供热管理体制改革、供热保障体系建设、供热计费、供热企业体制改革及建立多元化的投融资体制等方面。     

高炉拨风保护装置的研究

本文针对杭钢高炉供风的实际情况,研究并开发了防灌渣自动拨风保护装置系统,该系统基本能满足高炉对生产运行安全的需求。     

湿空气加热对草霉品质特性影响

新鲜草霉在36、39、42、45、50和55℃的条件下,每种温度分别加热0、20、40、60、80、100分钟.然后模拟运输,贮藏和销售环境,在前0℃条件下存放5天,10℃条件下存放1天.结果表明,浆果在45℃加热时间60-100分钟,草霉的腐败率远远低于对照品,可溶性固形物及糖分含量保持良好,但有机酸含量有所降低.另外,色泽和外观也受到一定影响.     

住宅供热计量热价的研究

城镇供热体制制度改革的目标是逐步推进供热商品化、货币化,核心问题是完善供热价格形成机制。供热价格必须实行两部热价制,本文提出固定热价与计量热价的计算依据,两部热价比应以建筑节能为目标,鼓励供热用户行为节能。供热计量收费的热量表计量热量应考虑位置及户间传热量的综合修正。