基于使用者成本法的黄河三角洲石油资源价值折耗分析

非再生资源自身价值折耗的计算是绿色GDP核算中环境成本的关键部分。本文以黄河三角洲2003年-2008年石油资源开发利用数据为对象,选择在贴现率为0%～6%的情况下,利用使用者成本法计算石油资源的价值折耗,研究发现使用者成本随着年份的增长而增加。并且,使用成本对贴现率的选择比较敏感,随贴现率的增加而减小,其中在贴现率为3%和4%时,2008年黄河三角洲石油资源折耗价值分别约为180亿元和122亿元,为使用者成本账户中较贴近现实的价值折耗数值。在贴现率在为3%～6%的范围内,价值折耗占净收入的比例平均达到30%左右。总体来看,黄河三角洲石油资源枯竭成本巨大,开发利用可持续性降低,并且未从国民财富中扣除,掩盖了经济真实的发展。自然资源可持续发展理念植入贴现率计算成为了不可再生资源合理开发利用的长久之策。     

Co-production of Knowledge in Multi-stakeholder Processes: Analyzing Joint Experimentation as Social Learning

Purpose: Changing research design and methodologies regarding how researchers articulate with end-users of technology is an important consideration in developing sustainable agricultural practices. This paper analyzes a joint experiment as a multi-stakeholder process and contributes to understand how the way of organizing social learning affects stakeholders’ ownership of process outcomes. Design/Methodology/Approach:A learning group composed of the different stakeholders of the oil palm seed system in Benin was set around a joint experiment. We use a detailed account of the group dynamics to understand the social process. Findings: The way the process is designed and conducted has a great effect on the ownership by the participants. Methodological steps taken in this research process showed its efficacy to produce quick and positive feedback mechanisms. Stakeholders’ perspectives on what constitutes a quality oil palm seedling varied widely. Participants, mainly nursery holders, learned new production practices. Representatives of the research center learned a mismatch of recommendations with users’ contexts. Field observations further to the process indicate changes in practices among stakeholders that would be sustainable. Practical Implications: Beyond focusing on outcomes, initiatives in multi-stakeholder processes should also document and analyze social processes in order to better understand the mechanisms by which such processes foster socio-technical change, as well as identify potential institutional barriers to such processes. Originality/Value: Through a detailed analysis of group dynamics, this paper addresses an important knowledge gap in participatory agricultural development.     

浅析乌东选煤厂选煤工艺流程的确定

对鸟东煤矿原煤粒度进行分析,认入洗最佳粒度范围应为200～13mm;在综合对比各排矸设备利弊的基础上,确定采用重介质浅槽分选机处理＋13mm的原煤,进行排矸;针对采区原煤泥化现象,提出将煤泥分为粗煤泥和细煤泥,并采取相应的工艺进行回收。在此基础上,确定了乌东煤矿选煤厂的分选工艺,并进行了简要的阐述。生产实践表明,该工艺流程在乌东煤矿选煤厂运行效果较好,能够达到预期设计目的。     

油气储运设备的管理与维护

油气储运中的石油、天然气等都属于易燃易爆产品,因此其储运设备的设计必须确保完善,然而当前我国的油气储运设备还存在一些不足之处,本文针对当前存在的一些问题,从而阐述了油气储运设备的管理与维护的重要意义,并对此提出了关于加强油气储运设备的管理与维护四大措施。     

处理家庭洗涤废水滤料的研究

家庭洗涤用水量占据生活用水总量的大部分,如何处理洗涤废水以达到增加水的利用率已成为社会关注的热点。滤料作为废水处理的关键部分对处理过程起着决定性作用。文章主要通过实验来验证滤料处理家庭洗涤废水性能并选择合适组配以增加处理效率。     

A note on glass and silica in oil paintings from the 15th to the 17th century

This articles reports new discoveries relating to ground glass and silica in European easel paintings from the 15th to the 17th centuries that were created by various German, Italian and Netherlandish artists. The earliest known additions of these extenders date to the early 1430s. Glass powder of varying fineness, prepared from vessel or window cullet, is often found in red lake glazes as well as in other colours or preparatory layers of paintings. SEM/EDX analyses of the glass particles reveal a variety of chemical compositions (soda ash, wood ash, wood ash-lime, wood ash-lead, mixed alkali), which are discussed with respect to the provenance of the paintings. Historical sources on painting techniques mention glass additions most frequently to accelerate drying of oil paints, but also occasionally to facilitate grinding of pigments. Another possible function of powdered glass and silica, especially in oil-bound red lake glazes, is that of a transparent filler, as will be here discussed based on paint trials.     

辽河油田洪水灾害的天气学成因初步分析

造成辽河油田洪涝灾害的主要原因是油田区及上游普降连续性大到暴雨 .汛期西风槽或冷涡携带冷空气东移加强 ,西太平洋副热带高压强盛、位置偏北的环流背景下 ,气旋、台风或台风倒槽、冷锋、切变线是辽河流域产生暴雨的主要天气系统 .本文应用天气学原理着重讨论了辽河油田开发以来洪水灾害最严重的 1994和 1995年的致洪暴雨的成因     

海洋油气工程专业英语互动式教学方法研究

在实际海洋油气工程专业英语教学中依然面临着一些问题,学生对专业英语学习的积极性不高,在教学过程中没有明确学习的目的,种种不良因素都严重阻碍了其专业英语能力的提升。因此,文章将围绕海洋油气工程专业英语互动式教学方法展开分析,通过详细介绍互动式教学方法在海洋油气工程专业英语应用的可行性来更好地处理当前存在的不良问题,实现学生专业英语能力的显著提升。     

超级电容在环卫专用车的应用分析

以混合电能超级电容技术为平台,研究了超级电容在环卫高压清洗车上的应用,建立了超级电容环卫专用车的技术模型,分析了新能源代替常规环卫专用车的社会效益和经济效益,瞩望了该技术的发展前景.     

山东省地方标准《平阴玫瑰精油通用技术条件》的编制

《平阴玫瑰精油通用技术条件》具体指标参照国际标准和行业标准,根据平阴玫瑰精油的实际检测数据,经过反复实验验证确定了外观、色泽、香气、相对密度、折光指数、旋光度、凝固点、酯值、成分含量等技术指标。本标准基本体现了中国平阴玫瑰油产品的特色,有利于地方特色产品的市场开拓。