Anatomical studies on water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) under the influence of textile wastewater

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is a prolific free floating aquatic macrohpyte found in tropical and subtropical parts of the earth. The effects of pollutants from textile wastewater on the anatomy of the plant were studied. Water hyacinth exhibits hydrophytic adaptations which include reduced epidermis cells lacking cuticle in most cases, presence of large air spaces (7～50 μm), reduced vascular tissue and absorbing structures. Textile waste significantly affected the size of root cells.The presence of raphide crystals was noted in parenchyma cells of various organs in treated plants.     

焦化废水COD的无汞快速测定

以硝酸银为Cl^-掩蔽剂，以硫酸银为催化剂，在11mol/L的硫酸及0．05mmol/L（1／6K2Cr2O7）K2Cr2O7介质中，COD测定的回流时间可统短至10min，样品的分析周期约为30min。此方法避免了使用剧毒硫酸汞产生的二次污染，回收、再用了废液中的银，进一步降低了分析费用，用于焦化废水COD的测定，结果与标准方法基本吻合。     

改良聚合氯化铝絮凝剂的制备及其对印染废水的絮凝性能

以铝矾土、废盐酸及丙烯酰胺为原料制备了一种高分子量无色聚合氯化铝（PAC）絮凝剂，试验了其对印染废水的絮凝性能并与其它四种絮凝剂进行了比较。其中包括PAC投加量对絮凝速度、沉淀分离效果、废水pH值、PAC用量对絮凝处理效果的影响。该产品在常熟市承禹化工厂投入生产，经常熟市自来水厂和常熟市双鹰集团公司等企业应用，结果表明该絮凝剂的絮凝性能优于其它几种絮凝剂，完全适用于河水、造纸工业用水及印染废水的处理。     

某电声元件公司电镀废水处理工程实例

以某电声元件公司电镀废水处理的工程设计为实例,通过分析废水来源及成分,确定工艺流程,运用分质、分类进行物化和生化的方法处理,并运用反渗透(RO)膜系统作为主要的控制装置实现废水回用处理.运行结果表明,该工艺切实可行,使种类复杂的电镀废水处理后能达标排放和回用.     

Evaluation of spatial and vertical variability of nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage-irrigated soil in Tongliao, China

The reuse of wastewater for the irrigation of farmlands is gaining popularity, and the nutrient leaching associated with wastewater irrigation is becoming a matter of concern. The variability of nitrogen and phosphorus fractions in wastewater-irrigated soil was investigated in both horizontal and vertical directions in Kongjiaxiang, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China. The results showed that wastewater irrigation resulted in the concentrations of available N and P being 40.36% and 66.49% higher, respectively, than those with groundwater irrigation. Different forms of N and P exhibited significantly different distribution patterns. Higher concentrations of NO3- and total available N, as well as of those of Ca-P and total available P were observed near wastewater irrigation channels. Ca-P has a spatial distribution pattern similar to that of available P. The concentrations of NO3- and NH4+ were the highest in top soil and decreased with depth. The complex interactions between nitrate leaching and nitrogen transformation processes (e.g., nitrification, denitrification, and mineralization) determined the vertical profile of NO3- . The significant amount of NH4+ loss inhibited its deep seepage. The Ca-bound compound contained more P than other inorganic fractions as a result of high Ca levels throughout the soil profile. The differences in the concentrations of Ca-bound P at different depths could be due to the upward flux or translocation of Ca from subsurface to surface soil and the sequestration of P.     

利用造纸厂废水污泥制备活性炭

以造纸废水处理厂污泥为主要原料,采用化学活化法制备活性炭,考查了活化剂的浓度、活化温度、活化时间、固液比等方面对污泥吸附性能的影响.结果表明:在氯化锌溶液为40%、活化温度为600℃、活化时间为15 min、固液比为1∶3的最佳条件下制备的污泥活性炭碘值达到320 mg·g-1,而加入10%的茶梗添加剂制备的活性炭碘值可达503 mg·g-1,因此引入添加剂可以改善污泥活性炭的吸附性能.利用该污泥活性炭处理含苯酚废水,具有较好的处理效果,因此加强开发并推广污泥制备活性炭新技术,实现废水污泥的资源化利用,成为处理剩余污泥的一种有效途径.     

电-Fenton法处理染料废水的实验研究

通过甲基橙模拟染料废水,考察了电-Fenton法处理染料废水的效果。通过单因素分析和正交实验得出:在电解时间为100min,电解质投加量为16g/L,pH值为2,电压为14V的条件下,COD的去除率达到80%以上,色度去除率可达99%。此方法具有高效、去除效果好、经济适用等优点,在染料废水的处理领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Fenton试剂处理弱酸艳红B染色废水的研究

采用Fenton法处理弱酸艳红B染色废水。通过单因素实验和正交实验,研究反应温度、初始pH值、H2O2和FeSO4投加量及反应时间对色度和COD去除率的影响。结果表明,各因素对COD去除率的影响从大到小依次为：反应温度〉pH值〉H2O2投加量〉FeSO4投加量。而处理废水的最佳条件为：反应温度50℃、初始pH值为2．5、30％H2O2投加量为5mL／L、FeSO4投加量为500mg／L、反应时间为90min。在此条件下,废水色度去除率为99．0％,COD去除率为74．2％。     

电芬顿-吸附还原沉淀组合工艺处理电镀废水研究

电镀综合废水成分更加复杂,而新颁布的排放标准更为严格,这导致传统处理工艺存在困难。本研究采用电芬顿．吸附还原沉淀组合工艺,在试验验证基础上进行了方案设计和成本分析。结果表明,电芬顿．吸附还原沉淀组合工艺处理电镀综合废水可确保出水水质稳定达到《电镀污染物排放标准》（GB21900-2008）中表3要求,与传统工艺相比具有投资低、运行成本低等优点,具有推广应用价值。     

氧化共沉淀-吸附联用技术处理COD测定废液的研究

采用氧化共沉淀-吸附联用技术处理COD测定废液,经处理后的废水达到国家标准（《中华人民共和国国家标准污水综合排放标准》GB8978—1996）规定的污水排放标准．排放废水中：总铬0．453mg／L。总银0．375mg／L．