Using a 3D food printer as a teaching tool: Focus groups with dietitians,teachers, and nutrition students

Three‐dimensional (3D) food printing is a new technology that can be used to produce personalized and customized food products. However, very little research has been completed on how 3D food printers could be used as educational tools. As such, the objective of this study was to evaluate how teachers (n = 6), dietitians (n = 6), and nutrition students (n = 11) envision the use of 3D food printers when disseminating information about food and nutrition. Focus groups were conducted with teachers, dietitians, and nutrition students. Initially, the participants were introduced to the concept of 3D food printing and then they were asked how they could use a 3D food printer in their teachings. The participants did not feel that a 3D food printer would enhance their teaching and instead felt it could confuse or frighten people. Also, all of the participants were worried about learning how to 3D print foods. The participants did state that people would be interested in watching a 3D food printer. Furthermore, the teachers and nutrition students indicated they thought a demonstration of a 3D food printer would lead to more interest in food and nutrition. Additionally, they thought a 3D food printer could be used to create visually appealing foods. Overall, until 3D food printers are found in residential and commercial kitchens, the participants did not think it would enhance their teachings; however, they did indicate that 3D food printing demonstrations could lead to students being interested in the food and nutrition fields.     

校企合作，研究开发镁合金硅熔胶熔膜铸造和焊接加工军工产品工艺的意义

本文介绍了镁合金应用现状。针对压铸产品的局限性，提出了校企合作，研究开发镁合金硅熔胶熔模铸造军工产品工艺和镁合金焊接工艺及方法的课题，分析了校企合作研发的意义。结论是，校企合作研发，符合国家的政策支持以及学院的长期发展目标。     

对扁平足的体育康复探讨

通过查阅大量有关儿童少年扁平足发病率和康复方法的文献和资料，从而得知扁平足发病率高，手术治疗弊病多。远期疗效不理想等目前无法克服的矛盾。进而提出了用推拿和体育康复训练相结合的手段来康复扁平足的论点。经过典型病例实验研究，与多学科的学术理论分析，最后得出推拿与体育康复训练相结合的康复手段是防治扁平足的科学有效手段，有利于推广和普及。     

基于VB/Excel的数据报表生成及打印功能实现方法

数据库开发过程中常常需要生成Excel数据报表,并支持打印功能,为此,本文基于VB开发了excel数据报表生成及打印功能模块。该模块可整合到VB开发的数据库管理系统中,实现数据报表的生成和打印功能,为数据库开发过程中,如何实现数据报表的生成及其打印功能提供了较好的范例。     

The Press,Paper Shortages,and Revolution in Early America

The printing press helped to spread literacy, civic discourse, and even political dissent in colonial America. Without paper, however, the invention of the moveable type printing press would have been insignificant. This crucial communication medium was hobbled by a critical shortage of the raw material needed for printed matter. Paper was in short supply in the colonies and in the new nation as it could only be made from rags, and there was constant difficulty in obtaining enough rags to keep the presses rolling. Pleas for this essential ingredient were constantly seen in the newspapers in early America and there were severe shortages of both paper and the rags from which it was made during the American Revolution. This article examines how desperate were the early Americans for the paper which was necessary both for firing the muskets and for spreading the rhetoric of Revolution.     

Does Augmented Visual Feedback from Novel,Multicolored, Three-Dimensional-Printed Teeth Affect Dental Students' Acquisition of Manual Skills?

Although three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is increasingly used in dental education, its application regarding the provision of online visual augmented feedback has not been tested. Thus, this study aimed to: (1) develop two generations of multicolored 3D-printed teeth that provide visual augmented feedback for students conducting the cavity preparation process, (2) assess students' clinical performance after training on the 3D models, and (3) acquire student feedback. For the first-generation model, augmented feedback was obtained from five 3D-printed teeth models for five cavity preparation procedures. Each model comprised three layers printed in green, yellow, and red indicating whether preparation was acceptable, limited, or unacceptable, respectively. The study used a crossover design in which the experimental group trained on five multicolored models and 10 standard plastic teeth, and the control group trained on 15 standard plastic teeth. Students gave positive feedback of the methodology but complained about the printed material's hardness. Therefore, a second-generation model was developed: the model's occlusal plane was replaced with a harder printed acrylic material, and the experiment was repeated. During training, instructors provided external terminal feedback only for performance on standard plastic teeth. Manual grades for cavity preparations on standard plastic teeth were compared. No significant differences were found between the control and experimental groups in both generations' models. However, less instructor time was needed, and similar clinical results were obtained after training with both generations. Thus, multicolored 3D-printed teeth models promote self-learning during the process of acquiring manual skills and reduce student dependency on instructors.     

石蜡催化氧化改性工艺

对石蜡催化氧化改性工艺进行了研究,考察了反应温度、空气流量、催化剂加入量和反应时间对石蜡氧化过程的影响．在适当的反应务件下,可以得到不同性能要求的氧化石蜡产品．     

3D打印技术在塑料加工成型及模具设计课程群教学改革中的应用探索

本文介绍了3D打印技术在工业及科研、教学领域的最新应用,结合目前塑料加工成型及模具设计制造等课程在教学中所存在的一些问题,通过将3D打印技术引入到相关的教学活动中,与传统教学方法进行优化和整合,激发学生的学习热情,强化教学效果,旨在培养具有创新精神和能力的卓越工程师和优秀科技人才。     

单片机动态汉化曲线表格打印原理和实现

完善的单片机应用系统，通常需要将结果信息以汉化曲线、表格形式打印输出，本文介绍一种动态汉化曲线、表格打印原理和实现方法；并结合实例，阐述了具体的实现细节。     

中国古代雕版印刷术起源新论

雕版印刷术的起源问题一直备受学界关注。在印刷技术发明与应用的背后,有其更为深刻的社会与文化原因。中国雕刻起源较早,殷周时铜笵上之反镌文字、秦汉之石刻碑碣、汉魏之石经,与印刷雕版之形制相近;捶拓技术、玺印技术与印刷术的原理相同,可视为印刷术的源头之一。至迟在西汉前期,较为成熟的凸版印刷技术已经应用于纺织品印染,其原理与雕版印刷术相同,其精美程度也不亚于宋元以后的雕版印刷品。但在此后很长时期,雕版印刷技术并未用于图书复制,这与隋唐以前的文化、教育、宗教发展进程有关,即文献大规模批量复制的社会需求尚未形成,雕版印刷技术的应用尚未有足够的需求驱动,也缺乏必要的市场环境。直接催生雕版印刷术用于图书复制的原因有三:一是宗教类图书的大规模社会化需求;二是科举制产生后对教育的推动以及科举考试带来的文献批量复制的需求;三是普通百姓日常生活常用之物如日历、字书等需求增加。因此,雕版印刷技术的应用与普及,与其说是技术发展的结果,不如说是社会发展的结果。从已知雕版印刷的实物及相关文献来分析,我国用雕版印刷术印制图书,至迟在唐初已出现并被广泛应用;开始可能是用捺印的方式来印制,后来随着印制内容的复杂化,逐渐过渡到刷印的方式。参考文献34。