If you build it,will they come? Lessons learned in recruiting students for randomized controlled trials in postsecondary settings

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the most methodologically sound methods of conducting empirical research, but a successful RCT is contingent on the recruitment of subjects into the intervention and study. Few research articles and evaluations in education discuss recruitment, and even fewer discuss challenges in recruitment. This is worrisome, given that recruitment can jeopardize internal and external validity – the most valuable aspects of RCTs. This paper initiates a conversation about planning and carrying out a successful recruitment campaign, specifically in postsecondary settings where students are more autonomous, programmes are likely to be voluntary, the flow of information is disparate, and incentives are often misaligned for external evaluation. We also share our challenges and lessons learned in recruiting students for a student support programme and its evaluation. We also advocate that more researchers devote attention to, and sufficiently plan for the recruitment of subjects into RCTs.     

Community-based teacher professional development in remote areas in Indonesia

The Indonesian government has been struggling to improve the quality of teachers in its public and private schools. Several programmes of teacher education and teacher certification have been designed to enhance teacher quality. However, the programmes do not yet develop effective teachers. Supporting the government programmes, the Tanoto Foundation has facilitated teacher professional development programme since 2010, specifically in elementary schools in the provinces of Riau, Jambi, and North Sumatra. This paper first describes how the Tanoto Foundation has designed and implemented its teacher quality improvement programme for in-service teachers in remote schools in Indonesia and then uses this context to examine to what extent teachers benefited from these programmes. Reported findings broaden our understanding of how teachers can improve their quality via privately sponsored programmes.     

论《老子》的“柔弱胜刚强”

老子的“柔弱”并不是在一个狭隘意义上与“刚强”相对的名，而是一个抽象的、具有形上色彩的哲学概念。它总括了万物存在的共性，既是一切事物生命力的象征，也是“道”的表现形式。关于“刚强”，老子虽然有“强大处下”的名言，但实际上，对于体现“道”的力量的至强性的东西，他是赞赏、推崇的。“柔弱胜刚强”的论断既体现了老子对于宇宙万物之本源－－“道”的理解，也表现了他济世救人的情怀。     

Political and Individual Rationales of Student Mobility: a case-study of ERASMUS and a French regional scheme for studies abroad

The aim of this article is to analyse political rationales for promoting student mobility in Europe and discuss these in the light of individual experiences of mobile students. Since the creation of the ERASMUS programme in 1987, student mobility in Europe has been the subject of unusual political promotion. More recently, in the context of the Bologna process, the goal of increasing student mobility has been reaffirmed by various higher education actors. Student mobility is thought to be both a component of the European Higher Education Area and one of its outcomes. Beyond this apparent widespread acceptance, we examine, on the one hand, underlying legitimating ideas and rationales that accompanied the institutionalisation of student mobility by the European Commission and a regional French authority. We also discuss the extent to which drives for mobility and outcomes at the individual student level are in line with the political perceptions and expectations of the above‐mentioned institutional actors.     

平稳环境中马氏链弱遍历性的几点注记

在文中研究了平稳环境中马氏链的弱遍历性，利用Foguel的L1-理论，得出了一些结论。     

弱几乎极限算子的一些性质

给出了弱几乎极限算子与 L －弱紧算子（半紧算子）的关系,同时也给出了弱几乎极限算子是极限全连续算子的充要条件,以及相关结论。     

商业银行市场先入优势的实证分析

四大商业银行是专业银行时期业务范围的特许先入者。本文通过对我国四大商业银行储蓄业务和银行卡业务的市场份额和市场进入秩序的分析发现,在我国商业银行的业务市场中,不存在先入优势,先入者的市场份额与其进入秩序是负相关的,无论是先入者还是跟进者,其市场份额随着时间变化都有趋向一个较小区间的趋势。     

Demographic differences in learner response to entrepreneurial education programmes in Pakistan

Recent research on the benefits of entrepreneurship education has tended to ignore or “control out” possible demographic differences in outcomes for entrepreneurship graduates. This paper examines demographic differences in the perceived benefits of different components of entrepreneurship education programmes (EEPs), entrepreneurial cognitions and entrepreneurial intentions of EEP graduates. Data were collected by questionnaire from 348 university EEP graduates in Pakistan. All graduates had strong positive attitudes to becoming entrepreneurs and no demographic differences in entrepreneurial intentions were observed. Nonetheless, females in particular, and graduates with no work experience to a lesser extent, exited the EEPs with lower perceived benefits, particularly in terms of inspiration, and slightly weaker perceived control for entrepreneurship, than males and graduates with some experience. No substantial differences were associated with age or entrepreneurial family background. The authors suggest ways in which EEPs can be more inclusive of female students.     

基于矩阵模型表示的有限自动机的弱可逆性的判定

借助有限自动机矩阵模型表示方法,给出判定有限自动机弱可逆性的新算法。     

吡嗪-2-羧酸铜配合物[Cu(C_5H_3N_2O_2)_2]的合成、晶体结构和光谱性质

用吡嗪-2-羧酸合成了配合物[Cu(C5H3N2O2)2],并通过元素分析、红外分析及X-射线衍射对其结构进行了表征.晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为:P2(1)/c,晶胞参数:a=5.0624(9),b=15.414(3),c=7.1110(13),β=106.701(2)°,V=531.48(16)3,Z=2.F(000)=310,吸收系数μ=2.072mm-1,最终偏离因子R1=0.0216,wR2=0.0594.中心铜原子与两个吡嗪-2-羧酸配体形成配合物分子,各分子之间通过弱相互作用形成一维链状结构.