人教版高中《化学·必修1》“从实验学化学”的调查研究

人教版高中《化学.必修1》第一章"从实验学化学",与新课程标准必修模块"认识化学科学和化学实验基础"两个主题相对应。为了解学生运用人教版教材学习此章的情况,我们从内容选择、呈现方式、组织结构、实验设计、总体目标达成度等维度对湖南地区师生进行了问卷调查和访谈,通过统计分析,为高中化学教材编写提供建议。     

The experience of violence against children in domestic servitude in Haiti: Results from the Violence Against Children Survey,Haiti 2012

BackgroundThere have been estimates that over 150,000 Haitian children are living in servitude. Child domestic servants who perform unpaid labor are referred to as “restavèks.” Restavèks are often stigmatized, prohibited from attending school, and isolated from family placing them at higher risk for experiencing violence. In the absence of national data on the experiences of restavèks in Haiti, the study objective was to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of restavèks in Haiti and to assess their experiences of violence in childhood.MethodsThe Violence Against Children Survey was a nationally representative, cross-sectional household survey of 13–24 year olds (n = 2916) conducted May–June 2012 in Haiti. A stratified three-stage cluster design was used to sample households and camps containing persons displaced by the 2010 earthquake. Respondents were interviewed to assess lifetime prevalence of physical, emotional, and sexual violence occurring before age 18. Chi-squared tests were used to assess the association between having been a restavèk and experiencing violence in childhood.FindingsIn this study 17.4% of females and 12.2% of males reported having been restavèks before age 18. Restavèks were more likely to have worked in childhood, have never attended school, and to have come from a household that did not have enough money for food in childhood. Females who had been restavèks in childhood had higher odds of reporting childhood physical (OR 2.04 [1.40–2.97]); emotional (OR 2.41 [1.80–3.23]); and sexual violence (OR 1.86 [95% CI 1.34–2.58]) compared to females who had never been restavèks. Similarly, males who had ever been restavèks in childhood had significantly increased odds of emotional violence (OR 3.06 [1.99–4.70]) and sexual violence (OR 1.85 [1.12–3.07]) compared to males who had never been restavèks, but there was no difference in childhood physical violence.InterpretationThis study demonstrates that child domestic servants in Haiti experience higher rates of childhood violence and have less access to education and financial resources than other Haitian children. These findings highlight the importance of addressing both the lack of human rights law enforcement and the poor economic circumstances that allow the practice of restavèk to continue in Haiti.     

关于国民经济和社会信息化的思考

信息化是当今世界经济和社会发展的大趋势，它引起社会经济生活一系列根本性变化。大力推进国民经济和社会信息化，以信息化带动工业化，是加速我国现代化进程的战略举措和应对日益激烈的国际竞争的迫切要求。推进我国国民经济信息化应遵循以下基本原则抓住机遇，发挥后发优势，努力实现信息产业的跨越式发展；重视运用信息技术改造和提高传统产业；以人为本，着眼于人民生活消费水平的提高和全面发展。     

地质超前预报系统在栋梁坡隧道施工中的应用

基于地震反射波法超前预测系统的原理及主要技术手段,以栋梁坡隧道工程为实例,针对隧道复杂的地质条件,施工过程中将超前地质预报和地质素描调查相结合,先对隧道全段范围内地形、地层岩性等进行全面核查,然后结合核查结果运用地震反射波法预报掌子面前方的节理裂隙发育情况,围岩完整性等地质信息.开挖后验证情况与预测结果基本一致,为后续...     

Seeing the Forest and the Trees: Comparison of Two IRTree Models to Investigate the Impact of Full Versus Endpoint-Only Response Option Labeling

In this study, we examined the results and interpretations produced from two different IRTree models—one using paths consisting of only dichotomous decisions, and one using paths consisting of both dichotomous and polytomous decisions. We used data from two versions of an impulsivity measure. In the first version, all the response options had labels; in the second version, only the endpoints were labeled. Based on past research, we hypothesized that the endpoints would be selected more frequently in the endpoint-only labeled condition, and the midpoint response option would be selected more frequently in the fully labeled condition. Results from the two models (dichotomous and polytomous) were similar and indicated that our hypotheses were partially supported—specifically, there was no consistent pattern in terms of which condition saw a higher frequency of midpoint response selection. However, our hypotheses regarding extreme responding in the endpoint-only labeling condition were supported.     

Web2.0环境特征对组织中知识共享绩效的影响研究

国内众多研究者对Web2.0环境下知识共享问题的研究投入了极大的热情,并取得了丰富的成果。但基于对国内外相关研究内容分析表明,国外文献中占相当大比重的Web2.0环境下组织中的知识共享问题在我国并不是主流,本文以中国的组织为调查研究对象,通过问卷的方式对中国的Web2.0环境下组织中的知识共享问题进行了讨论。     

税费改革对村级财务状况的影响——对全国100个村的跟踪调查

税费改革过程中,由于上级财政补助增加,样本村总收入并未下降,但自营收入能力下降明显.随着改革的深入,样本村日益依赖不可持续的土地承包、征地补偿和出售集体资产来维持收入水平,导致村级财务状况堪忧;样本村对自身财务的控制能力逐渐减弱;支出方面,样本村组织基本运转支出还能得到保障,公共投资支出也在增加,但村里对建成项目的日常维护和社会福利保障支出下降;村级债务也有扩大的趋势.另外,税费改革对不同经济发展水平的村庄的影响也存在差异.     

GPS测量技术在中小城镇地籍测量控制中的应用

土地管理工作的基础是地籍测量,它是获取地籍管理信息的最重要途径之一,应用GPS进行地籍控制测量,点与点之间不要求互相通视,这样避免了常规地藉测量控制时,控制点位选取的局限条件。由于GPS技术具有布点灵活、全天候观测、观测及计算速度快、精度高等优点,使GPS技术在国内各省市的城镇地籍控制测量中得以广泛应用。针对地籍测量的要求,从经济、精度、时间方面探讨了GPS地籍控制测量的技术问题,提出了切实可行的解决方案。     

大学计算机基础精品课程的教学改革与实践

本文主要介绍了我校多年来在大学计算机基础课教学中,针对该课程的特点,在课程体系、教学内容、实践教学、教学手段、考核方式和网络化的教学等方面进行的一系列的教学改革的研究与实践,实践表明在大学计算机基础精品课程的建设过程中收到了很好的效果,使学生的计算机基本知识与基本操作技能有了大幅的提高。     

高等医学院校学报栏目设置现状的调查与分析

目的：了解高等医学院校学报的栏目设置状况。找出不同类型医学院校学报的栏目设置特点及存在问题。方法：在高等医学院校学报中按重点院校和普通院校各选10所院校2008年度发表的学报作为样本,分为AB两组,每组60期。运用统计学方法,对两组栏目名称,栏目数量,栏目使用数、使用率,栏目载文数、载文率进行统计分析。结果：A组的栏目数最多8个／期,最少2个／期,平均5．46个;B组栏目数最多12个／期,最少2个／期,平均6．02个。A组栏目使用数（使用频次）最多的分别为：论著141次（43．12％）,述评、综述、专题58次（17．73％）,技术、方法、调查41次（12．54％）;B组栏目使用数最多的分别为：论著138次（37．81％）,述评、综述、专题48次（13．15％）,其他54次（14．78％）。两组比较X2=36．287,P〈0．01。A组发文数最多的分别是论著类1748篇（74．67％）,短篇、个案、疑难病例206篇（8．8％）,述评、综述、专题197篇（8．41％）;B组发文最多的分别为：论著1551篇（55．14％）,其他397篇（14．11％）,经验交流、短篇论著386篇（13．72％）。两组比较X2=755．439,P〈0．001,差异有非常显著性意义。结论：重点医科大学学报论著栏目比重及发文量均大于普通医学院校学报,学术氛围更加浓厚;两组的栏目设置均存在一些问题．尤以部分普通院校学报为重。有待进一步改进。