数值分析课程中算法设计教学的研究

算法设计困难,程序效率低下是目前数值分析实验课面临的普遍问题.算法是程序设计的灵魂,没有好的算法就没有好的程序.以Romberg求积为例,提出了以问题为引导的算法和流程图的设计方法,进一步研究了如何在数值分析课程中有效开展算法设计教学的问题.     

Fat Rights and Fat Discrimination: An Annotated Bibliography

This bibliography is a selection of articles, books, and selected other material relevant to antidiscrimination laws and fat people. Prejudice against fat people has been widely discussed in the media. Many people are actively engaged in discourse about how our society treats fat people and whether discrimination against them is acceptable. At the same time, a small but growing body of law has developed to address discrimination against fat people in employment and public accommodations. This bibliography is intended to assist scholars, practicing lawyers, policy makers, and activists by gathering, organizing, and annotating the relevant literature and legal resources.     

Extending an information processing model of language intensity effects

The information processing model of persuasion was used as the basis for a mathematical model of language intensity effects. The model proposes that attitude change is a product of message discrepancy, source evaluation, and message strength. The results show strong support for the model. The salient source evaluation dimension was perceived trustworthiness. Language intensity enhanced attitude change directly, by acting as a multiplier of message strength, and indirectly, by increasing message discrepancy. These effects held for female as well as male sources. Path analysis indicated the presence of source evaluation heuristics. Intensity enhanced source ratings through a positively linked causal chain from intensity to dynamism to expertise to trustworthiness. Intensity also had negative effects on post‐message expertise and trustworthiness unmediated by dynamism.     

Grading leniency, grade discrepancy, and student ratings of instruction

The purpose of this study was to examine how grading leniency and grade discrepancy (the difference between expected grades and deserved grades) were associated with various dimensions of student ratings of instruction. A sample of 754 undergraduate college students completed a student ratings of instruction instrument and provided responses to a number of other questions on topics such as course difficulty and workload. A series of multilevel regression analyses were conducted and results showed that an instructor's grading leniency, as perceived by students, was positively associated with student ratings on 11 of 12 dimensions of instruction examined. This finding suggests that more lenient instructors tend to receive higher student ratings. The second finding shows that grade discrepancy was negatively associated with most dimensions of instruction. This supports the self-serving bias hypothesis under attribution theory (Gigliotti & Buchtel, 1990) in that students tended to punish instructors with lower ratings when expected grades were lower than students believed they deserved, yet little evidence of a pattern of rewards existed in student ratings when students expected grades higher than they deserved.     

The Effect of Depth Jumps and Weight Training on Leg Strength and Vertical Jump

Abstract

In recent years, a method of plyometrics (exercises that cause a rapid lengthening of a muscle prior to contraction) called depth jumping has become a part of the training routine of many athletes. Two experiments are described in which the effectiveness of the exercises is examined. In Experiment 1, undergraduate students in beginning weight training classes trained with three different jumping programs: (1) maximum vertical jumps, (2) 0.3 m depth jumps, and (3) 0.75 m and 1.10 m depth jumps. In addition, all groups also lifted weights. In Experiment 2, a weight training class and the volleyball team at Brigham Young University-Hawaii were divided into two groups. One group lifted weights and performed 0.75 and 1.10 m depth jumps. The other group only lifted weights. In Experiment 1, the three training programs resulted in increases in one repetition maximum (1 RM) squat strength, isometric knee extension strength, and in vertical jump; however, there were no significant differences between treatments. In Experiment 2, all groups made significant increases in vertical jump, except the group of weight lifters, who did no jumping. It was concluded that depth jumps are effective but not more effective than a regular jumping routine.     

Circles on pommel horse with a suspended aid: Mass-centre rotation and hip joint moment

Abstract

This is the second study of the series, and its aim was to investigate the influence of using the suspended aid on circle kinetics. In addition to the kinematic data recorded for part one (Fujihara & Gervais, 2012), the pommel reaction forces and the force applied from the suspended aid (aid reaction force) were analysed in relation to the motion of a whole-body mass centre. The hip joint moment was also computed by combining all segments in the lower extremities into a single rigid segment. Generally, the use of the aid changed the magnitude of the mass-centre trajectory or horizontal pommel reaction forces but not their patterns. The results also showed that the net hip joint moment was altered during circles with the aid. In summary, a suspended aid can be used as a progression for a variety of goals because it allows gymnasts to practise circles which would not be possible without the aid. When a suspended aid is used, however, practitioners should be aware of the possible kinetic alteration caused by the external force from the aid.     

Exercise training modifies walking kinematics and energy cost in obese adolescents: A pilot controlled trial

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a weight loss intervention based on physical exercise on the relationship between energy cost and stride frequency during walking in obese teenagers. Participants aged 13–16 years old were assigned to a training (n?=?14) and control (n?=?10) groups. During eight weeks, the training group performed three 60-min weekly sessions of high-intensity intermittent activities coupled with aerobic training. Body composition, gait parameters and energy cost during 4-min walking bouts at participants’ most comfortable speed and preferred stride frequency (PSF), PSF-10%, PSF?+?10%, PSF-20% and PSF?+?20% were measured before and after intervention. The effects of training and stride frequencies on the energy cost of walking were analysed by an ANOVA with repeated measures. The main results showed that the exercise intervention induced a significant increase in walking speed (+23.2%), and significant decreases in body mass (?1.4%), body fat percentage (?2.1%) and energy cost of walking at various frequencies (decreases ranging from ?10.5% to ?20.4%, p?<?.05). In addition, significantly greater decreases were shown at high frequencies (p?<?.05). No significant differences were shown in the control group (p?>?.05). These results suggest that this type of training is beneficial to reduce walking energy cost of obese teenagers, in particular at high frequencies. This should improve their well-being during daily activities.     

不同类型高校学生的学习差异研究

一本、二本和三本学生在学习表现上有着很大的不同,通常一本学生学习的表现最好,二本次之,三本居后。通过调研发现：主体意识的差异,即目标意识、危机意识和自律意识的不同正是形成这三类不同类型高校学生学习差异的主要原因。因此,高校教育有必要以提升学生的主体学习意识为目标,从思想引导和制度保障等方面促进学生良好学习意识的形成。     

足球场上不同位置运动员身体形态特征比较

通过对参加2004年欧洲杯、美洲杯和亚洲杯的足球运动员身高、体重和克托莱指数的分析,来比较足球场上不同位置运动员的身体形态特征,揭示其一般规律,为运动训练和运动员的选材提供理论依据。     

一类求积公式的准确代数精确度

给定Jacobi权函数W(α,β),(x)=(1+x)α(1+x)β,(α,β＞-1),设xn＜xn-1＜…＜x2＜x1为Jacobi多项式Pn(α,β)(x)的零点,yn-1＜yn-2＜…＜y1为其导数的零点,则Gauss型积分公式∫-1f(x)w(α,β)(x)dx的代数精度至少为2n-1.