陶孟和与中国近代大学教育的改革和发展

陶孟和是我国近现代史上著名的社会学家和教育学家，十分重视教育与社会之间相互影响的关系。陶孟和对中国近代大学教育的认识和改革建议是从社会学的角度出发，以社会情形变化为基础，以适应社会需求为核心，从而形成他颇具特色且比较系统的大学教育思想。     

美国教育管理理论运动在世界各国的发展路径

“理论运动”是20世纪40年代末至70年代初美国教育管理研究领域中的重大事件。它以费格尔的逻辑经验主义哲学和西蒙的决策理论为理论基础，建立起实证主义的教育管理理论，大力推动了美国教育管理研究和学科的发展，对世界一些国家和地区的教育管理研究也产生了很大影响。     

Examining the “Blanket of Protection” Conferred by Inoculation: The Effects of Inoculation Messages on the Cross-protection of Related Attitudes

Although the effectiveness of inoculation as a strategy for promoting resistance to attitude change is fairly well established, the potential of inoculation messages to offer cross-protection for related, but untreated, attitudes warrants additional attention from scholars. The reported study tested the “blanket of protection” conferred by inoculation. Participants (N = 118) were randomly assigned to read an inoculation message addressing a target topic and subsequently had their attitudes toward three related, but untreated, topics attacked. The results offer some evidence that inoculation messages can confer cross-protection for related attitudes. Participants in the inoculation condition reported greater perceptions of threat, greater counterarguing, and less attitude change in response to attacks than participants in the control condition for two of the three untreated topics. Counterarguing in response to attacks on untreated attitudes appears to be primarily responsible for cross-protection.     

Reexamining Fear Appeal Models from Cognitive Appraisal Theory and Functional Emotion Theory Perspectives

Recognizing inconsistencies between the extant fear appeal theories and emotion literature, this research integrated cognitive appraisal theory and functional emotion theory into a fear appeal literature and proposed a model that describes a process through which both fear and anxiety can contribute to adaptive responses. Findings from an experiment (N = 927) supported the predictions. Fear and anxiety emerged as distinct constructs. Perceived susceptibility was a stronger predictor of anxiety than fear, while perceived severity was a stronger predictor of fear than anxiety. In addition, greater fear and anxiety led to greater response efficacy through increased motivation to obtain protection-related information and heightened attention to such information, thus mediating the threat and coping appraisal processes. The SEM model testing the predictions showed that perceived susceptibility had the strongest total effects on protection intention, followed by anxiety, perceived severity, and fear.     

图式理论与高职高专英语教学

认知语言学研究是一门语言学新兴学科,借助认知理论,尤其是图示理论深化外语教学取得了显著的成果.不可否认,图示理论在英语阅读理解中有积极作用,但也存在着局限性.我们应该借鉴图式理论推动新形势下高职高专的英语教学改革.     

The different faces of controlling teaching: implications of a distinction between externally and internally controlling teaching for students’ motivation in physical education

Background: In Self-Determination Theory (SDT), a well-validated macro-theory on human motivation, a distinction is made between internally controlling teaching practices (e.g. guilt-induction and shaming) and externally controlling practices (e.g. threats and punishments, commands). While both practices are said to undermine students’ motivation, they would do so through somewhat differential motivational processes. Unfortunately, the relevance of the conceptual distinction between internally and externally controlling strategies has not been examined systematically. In the context of sport and physical education (PE), most studies on controlling teaching have either measured controlling teaching in an undifferentiated way or have focused on one particular feature of controlling teaching.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a more fine-grained picture on the differential de-motivational effects of internally and externally controlling teaching strategies in the domain of PE.

Participants: A total of 925 students with an average age of 15.80 years (±1.99) coming out of 92 classes taught by 22 different PE teachers participated in the present study.

Data analysis: Data on perceived controlling teaching style and students’ motivation were analyzed within a multilevel framework from both a variable-centered (regression analyses) and person-centered approach (cluster analyses).

Results: We found evidence for a distinction between perceived internally and externally controlling teaching. Both teaching styles were strongly related to each other (r?=?.54). At the level of zero-order correlations, both internally and externally controlling teaching related negatively to students’ intrinsic motivation and identified regulation and related positively to introjected regulation, external regulation, and amotivation. However, when both teaching styles were included simultaneously as predictors of motivation in the regression analyses, only internally controlling teaching predicted poor quality and low quantity of motivation. A cluster analysis revealed different profiles of perceived controlling teaching style, with two profiles being characterized by either high or low levels of the two types of controlling teaching and other profiles displaying elevated or reduced levels of one of the types of controlling teaching. This person-centered analysis confirmed that particularly students who perceive their PE teacher as internally controlling are likely to report poor-quality motivation.

Conclusion: Controlling teaching (and internally controlling teaching in particular) is related to maladaptive motivational outcomes. As such, it can be advised to PE-practitioners to refrain from using controlling strategies when teaching students. More research is needed to identify the conditions under which teachers’ behavior is perceived as externally and/or internally controlling.     

现代新儒家文化观的主要问题

现代新儒家文化观的内容十分丰富，但讨论最集中的问题主要有三个：第一是文化形上学，其主流的本体论形态是精神一元论，也有经济决定论和地理环境决定论的观．占‘；第二是中国文化观，在不遮蔽中国传统文化劣根性的同时，侧重弘扬其优越性；第三是西方文化观，在肯定西方近代文化精神合理性的同时，批判了其负面效应。     

现代西方思潮臆评

对待西方现代思潮应注意三条原则:第一,从人类认识发展和具体的社会历史背景考察其产生和发展的理由与根据,目的在于认识其现实性与非现实性;第二,既要"钻进去"又要"跳出来",将揭露其总体性的谬误和改造吸收其部分的合理性辩证统一起来,防止全盘否定论和全盘肯定论两种片面性;第三,具体问题具体分析,对西方思潮予以辩证的扬弃,批判的改造,以便为我所用。     

论现代新儒学的产生

现代新儒学的产生有着多层面的复杂原因：中国传统文化的危机构成中国近现代新儒学的事实前提和逻辑原点，而西方近代文化的危机则是新儒学产生的个别性和直接性根源；现代新儒学的产生也离不开它的“宿敌”——文化激进主义的刺激；现代新儒学作为文化保守主义的一员还与中国近现代的其他文化保守主义有着理论上的渊源关系。     

关联理论与跨文化交际会话含义的理解

Sperber ＆ wilson的关联理论将交际看作一种认知活动,试图从人的认知特点和过程山发,揭示交际规律.关联理论使跨文化交际中的语用会话含意推导摆脱了Grice合作原则的束缚,也从认知的角度探讨了礼貌现象,为跨文化交际中话语的理解提供了新的理论依据,有助于解释跨文化语言交际活动中出现的语用失误与交际失败现象.