对毛泽东探索社会主义建设道路的浅思

毛泽东作为新中国的缔造者,作为马克思主义中国化的首创者,在中国社会主义道路的探索中有成功的经验,也有挫折的教训,为中国新时期的社会主义建设提供了鲜活的正面和反面的历史教材,探析成功的经验和挫折的教训,有助于开创性发展中国特色社会主义事业。     

Attributions in a mastery instructional system: Is an emphasis on effort harmful?

Self-worth theorists have claimed that students of lower ability may reduce effort in likely failure situations to avoid the attribution of poor performance to their own incompetence. The likely success of mastery learning, an instructional technique stressing student persistence, has been questioned because of this phenomenon. Several studies which examined the hypothesized relationship between achievement, effort, and perceived ability within a mastery context were conducted. In none of the studies did it appear that students reduced effort because of the threat of failure or that expending effort led to lower estimates of ability. In fact, students expending effort rated their ability as having a more positive influence on performance than less persistent students. It is argued that mastery learning, like some achievement change programs, encourages students to attribute their performance to their level of effort.     

The functional meanings of behaviors: A factor analytic study of motivational orientations in Virgin Islands students

One hundred and sixty-five high school students in the Virgin Islands were asked to rate the extent to which they associate each of 62 behaviors with their concepts of “success,” “joy,” and “satisfying expectations.” They were also asked to rate the frequency with which they performed each of the behaviors. Results indicated that Virgin Islands students associate the word “success” not with academic behaviors, but with being modern, attractive, and nurturing. Moreover, individual students are less apt to perform those behaviors which Western teachers believe lead to academic success and more apt to perform those behaviors which the sample as a whole associates with being successful. The data indicate that although many Virgin Islands students enjoy traditional island activities, they do not feel successful when they engage in them. The results of the investigation are interpreted within the context of what is known concerning achievement behaviors of middle-class American youth, and implications are drawn for the teaching of young persons from diverse cultural backgrounds who attend classes conducted in the Western mode.     

刍论民族传统体育的现代流变与发展趋势

我国民族传统体育的发展,从民间自发零散的群众组织,逐渐发展为国家组织的多样化发展格局。通过运用文献资料法、逻辑分析等研究方法,对民族传统体育的现代流变进行分析、梳理,提出民族传统体育发展的趋势。进入学校,进入教育体系是民族传统体育的必由之路;市场经济的发展给民族传统体育提供了新的发展机遇,面向市场、面向大众是民族传统体育发展的动力;着眼于发展群众体育、走健身愉心的民族传统体育生活化道路,是体育异化的回归,顺应了跨世纪的社会需求。进而为民族传统体育的可持续发展提供理论参考。     

Feedback complexity and corrective efficiency

College undergraduates read a 2400-word passage, responded to 16 multiple-choice questions, and received one of four types of feedback following their responses. Complexity of feedback was inversely related to both error correctability and criterion efficiency taken as a ratio of feedback study time to post-test corrects. The results were discussed in terms of depth of processing and instructional comprehension.     

妈祖石雕神像蕴含之互动意义解读——从社会符号学的角度

在后现代时期,科技、数字、多媒体的发展改变了人际交流方式和意义表达。除了语言,图像、颜色等其他社会符号系统同样也具有社会功能。以Kress & Leeuwen的视觉图像语法理论为基础,妈祖石雕神像为例,尝试对其社会符号学的视觉解读,探究神像所表达的互动意义。从接触、社会距离、态度和情态等方面分析发现,无论是设计者的创意、构思还是具体的表现手法和产生的效果,都充分体现了妈祖石雕神像丰富的人际互动意义。     

In search of the keyword method/vocabulary comprehension link

Previous research has indicated that the keyword method of vocabulary learning facilitates students' performance not just on simple tests of definition recall, but on comprehension-demanding tasks as well. The present study was conducted to determine whether the “comprehension” finding could be accounted for by keyword subjects' superior definition recall per se. The results generally supported that conclusion: When conditions and subjects within conditions were equated with respect to their initial levels of definition recall, the comprehension advantage of keyword subjects disappeared.     

职业运动员文化教育现状浅析

当今社会的激烈竞争,给退役运动员的再就业带来很大影响,职业运动员的文化教育问题也成了人们最关心的问题,学与训的矛盾一直困扰着从事运动员文化教育工作的人.通过对职业运动员的文化教育现状的分析,为研究退役运动员再就业渠道提供参考.     

论《爱的饥渴》的悲剧根源

日本作家三岛由纪夫的长篇小说《爱的饥渴》讲述了一个女人和三名男子之间的婚爱故事。主人公悦子的一生是不断寻爱又不断遭遇失败的历程。长期的压抑终于导致了最后的爆发,她残忍地杀死了自己的意中人以求解脱,结果却是堕入更深的痛苦和虚无。造成这种悲剧的原因是多方面的:性爱中无法体验真实的自我是浅层根源;文化冲突造成的身份危机和内心痛苦是深层根源;人对生存意义的追问及结果的不可得导致的虚无感是最终根源。所以说《爱的饥渴》的悲剧是人性自身的悲剧。