A Method for Rapid Collection and Processing of Isokinetic Data

Abstract

This study verified earlier anecdotal evidence indicating that spatial assimilations could be reduced by offsetting movements in time. In Experiment 1, 40 right-handed participants (ages 18–23 years) made single and dual quick lever reversals of 20° and 60° with the left and right limbs, respectively. Participants were assigned to either the Overlapping (O) group, in which one limb began when the other limb reached the reversal point, or to the Sequential (S) group in which one limb followed the other with a delay of 114 ms, on average. The shorter-distance limb of the O group overshot relative to the S group. Short-distance spatial assimilations were also shown in the S group in Experiment 2, when the delay was increased to 250, 500, or 1,500 ms (N = 30), suggesting that assimilation effects can be caused by command interactions at both the planning and the execution levels.     

An Eye-Tracking Study of Learning From Science Text With Concrete and Abstract Illustrations

This study investigated the online process of reading and the offline learning from an illustrated science text. The authors examined the effects of using a concrete or abstract picture to illustrate a text and adopted eye-tracking methodology to trace text and picture processing. They randomly assigned 59 eleventh-grade students to 3 reading conditions: (a) text only; (b) text with a concrete illustration; and (c) text with an abstract illustration in a pretest, immediate, and delayed posttest design. Results showed that the text illustrated by either the concrete or the abstract picture led to better learning than did the text alone. Eye-fixation data revealed that the abstract illustration promoted more efficient processing of the text. Analyses of the gaze shifts between the 2 types of external representation indicated that the readers of the text with the abstract illustration made a greater effort to integrate verbal and pictorial information. Furthermore, relations between online and offline measures emerged.     

Chicken or the egg: Longitudinal analysis of the causal dilemma between goal orientation,self-regulation and cognitive processing strategies in higher education

The aim of this study was to investigate the direction of the effect between goal orientation, self-regulation and deep processing strategies in order to understand the impact of these three constructs on students’ achievement. The participants were 110 freshmen from the engineering faculty at the Université catholique de Louvain in Belgium, who were followed during the first three years of their university studies. Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The main finding was that mastery goal orientation increased students’ subsequent deep processing which in turn enhanced subsequent self-regulation. Deep processing and self-regulation also appeared to be mutually influential from year 2 to year 3. The implications of our results for the understanding of the interplay between cognitive and motivational processes in higher education are discussed.     

高速公路收费道口自动车型识别系统中的车轮检测算法

为提高高速公路收费道口自动车型识别系统(Vehicle Recognition System,VRS)的识别准确率,针对基于三维成像的VRS中的车轮检测,提出一种优化算法,以精确检测出车轮的位置和大小.利用激光雷达检测到有疑似车轮的目标通过扫描平面时,控制摄像头抓拍图像;对抓拍到的图像进行灰度化、图像增强、边缘提取、背景分离等处理;利用霍夫变换进行车轮边缘拟合,检测图像中是否含有车轮,若有,可同时得到车轮的位置和大小;在MATLAB中实现该算法.结果表明,该车轮检测算法能够快速、精确地检测出车轮,效果良好.     

语篇冗余信息处理与英语听力能力培养

冗余信息是指信息传递中比交际需要更多的信息,同样具有社会价值和交互作用。英语语篇不仅围绕主题承载多层概念,而且还使用定量冗余信息来强化概念。对语篇冗余信息进行形式、语义和语境等层次的处理,有助于学生听力的提高。     

A Review of “Education,Indigenous Knowledges,and Development in the Global South: Contesting Knowledges for a Sustainable Future”

ABSTRACT

This study focused on designing a flood-risk education program to enhance 15-year-old students’ flood-risk perception. In the flood-risk education program, learning processes were modeled in such a way that the arousal of moderate levels of fear should prompt experiential and analytical information processing. In this way, understanding of flood risk in the surroundings should prompt students’ threat and coping appraisal. To accomplish this, the program consisted of a variety of student-directed parts, such as serious games and flood simulations. The design of the program was based on theoretical understandings from learning theory, information processing, and risk communication. Furthermore, empirical findings about students’ risk perceptions were incorporated. The design process was guided by the principles of Educational Design Research and had an iterative character.     

Cognitive foundations of message encoding: An investigation of message production as coalition formation

In this study participants (N=36) generated simple narratives employing a SITUATION ‐ ACTION ‐ BECAUSE structure. On some trials, all three elements of such triads were provided, and in other cases, participants were required to generate ideational links for SITUATION ‐ ACTION pairs. Consistent with the prediction generated from second generation action assembly theory (AAT2), participants were shown to be significantly faster in producing their messages when all three elements of their narratives were provided. The propensity to experience cognitive failures was shown to speed production of messages, particularly when participants were required to generate ideational links. Thus, although propensity to experience cognitive failures is typically seen to involve mental lapses and forgetfulness, this study produced evidence that people high on this trait actually enjoyed a performance advantage. Speed of information processing was not shown to have any impact on the rapidity with which messages were generated. Implications for future research on message production employing the experimental paradigm developed here are discussed     

Toward a holistic approach to communication: The effect of “pure” hemispheric reception on message acceptance

This study examined the relationship between hemispheric processing of complex messages and message acceptance. In particular the research sought to answer several questions regarding the processing and interpretation of persuasive messages and message sources. Based on the results of this research it was concluded that (1) the brain's right and left hemispheres, when isolated from one another, process information according to a particular “style,” (2) that semantic properties of language influence hemispheric processing, and (3) that message sources are perceived differently by the right and left hemispheres. Potential implications for the study of communication in terms of message style and acceptability, language intensity, perceptions of source, and perceptions of threat conclude this analysis.     

PVA纤维静电纺丝工艺参数研究及正交设计优化

采用静电纺丝法制备聚乙烯醇（PVA）超细纤维膜,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察溶液浓度、纺丝电压、纺丝距离对纤维微观形貌的影响,并采用正交设计对纺丝工艺参数进行优化。实验结果表明:纺丝电压是影响纤维平均直径的最重要的参数。经过优化,纺制出最小直径为0.27μm的PVA超细纤维。     

Study of Fe(II) sulphides in waterlogged archaeological wood

Abstract

Wet organic archaeological materials extracted from seawater may suffer damage as a result of degradation influenced by micro-organisms. One of the most common phenomena is indirectly induced by sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Due to their metabolic activity in anoxic conditions, SRB generate hydrogen sulphide from sulphate ions present in seawater. When steel items are in contact with organic matter in presence of sulphides, corrosion of the metal leads to the precipitation of Fe(II) sulphides. These phases are responsible for dramatic post-excavation damage: their oxidation during storage or exhibition in museums leads to the formation of voluminous crystals, which may cause cracking and crumbling, and lead to the production of sulphuric acid. In order to characterize Fe(II) sulphides and their by-products, 13 waterlogged samples were analysed by environmental scanning electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Experiments were performed on untreated wood fragments, on a fragment of rope, and on mineral concretions scratched from the surface of wood remains, all extracted from different shipwrecks. Mackinawite was detected inside the fragments and between the fibres of the rope. Greigite was detected in scattered locations. Pyrite and sulphated phases, like gypsum and iron sulphates, were identified at the surface of the wood fragments and in the mineral concretions.