实施股票期权制存在的问题及对策

股票期权制是赋予公司经营者以事先确定的价格在未来一段期间内购买本公司股票的权利 ,是公司对经营者最为有效的激励方式之一。这种方式还有许多问题需要解决 ,有待政府和企业共同努力。     

Low-intensity electrical muscle stimulation induces significant increases in muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-intensity exercise training using belt electrode skeletal muscle electrical stimulation on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy subjects. Nineteen healthy subjects were allocated into control or intervention groups; in both groups the participants kept regular physical activity while the intervention group underwent 30 min B-SES training at 3–4 METs for four weeks. Knee extensor muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance during incremental exercise test were measured at baseline and after four weeks for all participants. The relative change of knee extensor muscle strength in the intervention group was significantly higher than control group (p?p?相似文献   

批处理过程模拟系统的总体设计及物性推算包的功能

全面介绍了批处理过程模拟系统的总体设计及功能.简要介绍了各个模拟包的主要特点及物性推算包的功能.     

学生学习英语的动机研究

动机是激励人去行动的内部动因和力量,高中学生正处于生理、心理成熟期。强化高中学生英语学习动机,可以提高教学效果,本文调查分析了高中学生英语学习动机,并从培养学生乐于语言学习等方面,提出了几点教学对策。     

体育教学中如何让学生进入活动状态

体育教学过程是集教学，锻炼、教育为一体的综合过程，怎样才能上好一堂体育课．其影响的因素是诸多的，本文试图从学生练习中的运动兴趣、准备活动、语言刺激及场地器材等方面进行阐述．     

高等职业院校高等数学课学习动机激发策略

高等数学是高等职业教育的一门重要的基础课。我国大部分高职院校高等数学的教学效果并不理想,未能达成预定的教学目标,其中一个很重要的原因就是学生对该学科认知不足,学习动机缺乏。奥苏贝尔学习动机理论认为学习者的学习动机将直接影响着学习效果,因此,有必要提出高等职业院校高等数学课学习动机激发的几点策略。     

The effects of a calf pump device on second half performance of a simulated soccer match in competitive youth players

During soccer matches, performance decrements have been reported that relate to both physical abilities and technical skills. To investigate the effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation LFES (VeinoplusSport®, Ad Rem Technology, France) administered during half-time recovery on performance alterations during the second half. Twenty-two highly trained young players undertook a soccer-match simulation (SAFT⁹⁰). During half-time, they were randomly assigned to LFES group or Placebo group. Each half was split into 3 bouts of 12 minutes. Following each bout, maximal strike speed (MSS), sprint test (ST), maximal sprint accelerations (MA) and metabolic power (MP) were determined in both groups. Arterial (AF) and venous flows (VF) were measured at rest and at the end of half-time. LEFS group exhibited beneficial effects on performance compared to the Placebo group with a likely effect for MSS, ST, MA, and a possible effect for MP. AF and VF increased statistically more in LEFS group compared to Placebo group. The use of specific calf-pump LFES during half-time of a youth simulated soccer match attenuated the decrease in performance during the second half compared to Placebo group. This effect is most marked at the beginning of the second half with regards to explosive parameters.     

运动疲劳状态下GPi/SNr在基底神经节信息整合中的作用

摘要：目的：干预基底神经节直接通路和间接通路,观察运动疲劳后苍白球内侧部（GPi）和黑质网状部（SNr）神经元电活动变化,探讨GPi/SNr在基底神经节信息整合中的作用。方法：选取大鼠建立跑台运动疲劳动物模型,采用不同频率的电刺激干预间接通路,微量注射KA、SCH23390干预直接通路,记录运动疲劳前后GPi/SNr神经元电活动。结果：刺激丘脑底核引起GPi/SNr兴奋性反应的放电频率在一定范围内随刺激频率增大而增大;疲劳组GPi/SNr神经元对变频刺激的反应较安静组增强;增加刺激频率时,GPi/SNr神经元兴奋性反应放电频率减小。特定刺激频率作用下,疲劳组GPi/SNr神经元兴奋性反应比例显著高于安静组（P<0.05）;疲劳组SNr神经元的放电频率显著高于安静组（P<0.05）;疲劳组SNr兴奋性、抑制性反应频率均比GPi高。微量注射KA后,疲劳组抑制性反应比例显著高于安静组（P<0.05）,微量注射非诺多泮后,SNr疲劳组的抑制性反应比例显著高于安静组（P<0.05）,微量注射SCH23390后,疲劳组兴奋性反应比例显著高于安静组（P<0.05）。结论：GPi/SNr作为基底神经节的输出核团,在整合直接、间接通路信息的过程中存在不同的信号处理方式。运动疲劳后,干预间接通路时引起GPi/SNr神经元反应的高频刺激阈值增加,减少STN对GPi/SNr的兴奋性传入可能成为干预运动疲劳间接通路的一种手段。     

电刺激方法对肌肉力量与柔韧性的影响

电刺激训练已成为现代运动训练的重要手段之一。众多资料表明 ,电刺激可有效的发展肌肉力量。本研究旨在发展肌肉力量的同时 ,观察其柔韧性的变化。结果表明 ,电刺激训练可显著地提高原动肌肌群和对抗肌肌群肌肉的力量 ,亦可有效的提高肌肉的柔韧性 ,保证肌肉力量与柔韧性同步协调平衡发展     

The differential effects of PNF versus passive stretch conditioning on neuromuscular performance

Abstract

The effects of flexibility conditioning on neuromuscular and sensorimotor performance were assessed near to full knee extension (25°). Eighteen males who were randomly assigned into two groups underwent eight weeks (three-times per week) of flexibility conditioning (hip region/knee flexor musculature; dominant limb) involving either proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) (n=9) or passive stretching (PASS) (n=9). Both modes of flexibility conditioning are popular within contemporary exercise and clinical settings and have demonstrated efficacy in improving range of motion. The contralateral limb and a prior ‘no exercise’ condition were used as controls. The PNF and PASS modes of conditioning improved passive hip flexibility to a similar extent (mean 19.3% vs. baseline, intervention limb, p<0.01) but did not alter knee flexor strength (overall mean 309.6±81 N) or sensorimotor performance (force and positional errors: 2.3±8.2% and 0.48±7.1%). Voluntary and magnetically evoked electromechanical delays (EMD_V and EMD_E, respectively) were increased but to a greater extent following PASS compared to PNF (PASS: 10.8% and 16.9% lengthening of EMD_V and EMD_E, respectively vs. PNF: 3.2% and 6.2%, p<0.01).The attenuated change to electromechanical delay (EMD) performance during PNF conditioning suggests a preserved capability for rapid muscle activation, which is important in the maintenance of dynamic joint stability. That PNF was also equally efficacious in flexibility conditioning would suggest that this mode of flexibility training should be used over passive to help preserve dynamic joint stability capabilities at this extended and vulnerable joint position.