Seeing education through the prism of PISA

International comparisons are never easy and they are not perfect. But PISA shows what is possible in education and it helps countries to see themselves in the mirror of student performance and educational possibilities in other countries. This article summarises key policy insights from PISA. It highlights how excellence and improving equity need not be conflicting policy objectives, but that they tend to be jointly achieved only when deliberate policies are in place that match resources with needs and when stratification and grade repetition are contained. The article also shows how a number of countries have been able to raise learning outcomes and moderate the impact of social background in the last decade and highlights some of the policies and practices that characterise these countries.     

Faculty acceptance of a workload survey in one major university

The faculty survey or workload instrument becomes the focal point for both praise and criticism about measuring how faculty spend professional time. While research on the workload instrument often centers on the design and administration of the survey, NCHEMS has questioned how faculty react to such workload analysis, a researchable area seemingly overlooked. In a 1973 report, NCHEMS suggested that faculty reaction or acceptance may be related to the degree of faculty self-governance, experience in completing the survey, the positive use of data for departments, and the expectation that faculty are required to complete the survey for an external governing board. Faculty on one large state-supported midwestern university were asked how they felt about the workload survey administered on campus and whether the NCHEMS' factors were related to their acceptance of the survey. Multivariate analysis and a path model helped to analyze and interpret faculty responses to a questionnaire administered by this author. Results upheld one of the four NCHEMS relationships, namely, that a positive attitude toward a survey is related to perceived value of the data for allocating faculty resources and communication in the department. Several practical and methodological considerations are reviewed to extend research on faculty acceptance.     

基于碳转移的部门碳分配研究

通过IOA分析碳排放在产业间的转移特征,分别从生产者原则及消费者原则研究各部门的碳排放,并通过ZSG-DEA对各部门的碳排放权进行分配,以实现帕累托最优时的最优碳配置。结果发现,两个原则下的碳分配情况存在很大的差异。因此,必须把握两种原则的异质性以实现"共同但有差异"的减排目标。     

经理人报酬制度的演变与比较分析

自从职业经理人产生以来,经理人报酬制度基本可以分为四类:固定报酬制度、利润分成报酬制度、股权激励报酬制度与基于股东剩余索取权的报酬制度。报酬制度的产生与演变始终围绕着两个问题展开:分工专业化引发监督成本提高与不确定性加强带来的风险分担问题。随着监督成本越来越高,外部风险越来越大,经理人报酬制度必将向着经理人具有企业的最终剩余索取权而股东享有满意利润的方向发展。     

我国田径优势项目的创新与发展

通过文献资料法,对我国田径优势项目男女跳高、女子铅球和中长跑运动员的训练特征进行分析比较得出：他们突出的运动成绩,都是由于训练方法的不断创新而引起的。在特定的历史环境中,一个项目有创新则兴,无创新则衰。     

论体育资源的合理开发和配置

体育作为社会公益活动和经济活动, 需要相应的资源投入。体育形式的多样性和复杂性, 决定了体育资源具有各种类型和特点。合理开发、利用和配置体育资源, 是体育事业发展的重要条件, 也是体育作为一种产业, 在市场经济中发挥社会效益和经济效益的要求。本文提出体育资源的概念和特点, 对合理进行体育资源开发和配置等问题进行分析     

供应链可承诺量配置决策模型

为使企业在满足需求的前提下获得最小的成本配置计划,将企业正常产能、可用产能(Capability to Promise, CTP)和外部可得资源作为企业的可承诺量(Available to Promise, ATP), 针对影响ATP配置问题的主要成本因素,建立以成本最小化为目标函数的决策模型,运用迭代计算法,得到决策模型的最优解.运用该决策模型,以企业前期需求预测为基础,结合具体案例,给出企业的可承诺量配置图表.结果表明该决策模型的可操作性.     

教育生产的模型分析

本基于教育主体追求生活效用最优的观点,通过建立教育活动的生产和效用函数,分析了实物资本、人力资本和知识资本3个变量之间的动态优化关系,教育产出最优与主体效用最优不一定能同步达到,教育主体所投入的三种资源的不同组合策略集分别构成效用最优与产出最优的二个资源配置区域,这二个区域的交集便是教育政策与管理所追求的目标。     

关于基础教育优质资源辐射两种方式的比较及思考

义务教育是我国一项基本公共服务,在义务教育实现全面普及和免费之后,国家明确把义务教育均衡发展作为基础教育改革的重中之重,优质资源的辐射是义务教育均衡发展的有效手段。本文以上海市金山区某中学为例,剖析“上海市以委托管理推动农村义务教育学校内涵发展工作”和“金山区城乡初中组团发展”两个项目在项目命名及内涵、实施模式、实施的具体内容及责任、实施期限、评估与奖励等五个方面的异同,并给出作者在“政策倾斜,确保公共教育资源均衡配置”、“调整经费结构、设立奖励基金,促进项目工作不断完善”、“情感融洽、追求共同的价值取向、构建先进的校园文化”等三方面的思考与进一步完善优质资源辐射的建议。     

基于高新技术企业生命周期的人力资源优化配置

人力资源是高新技术企业创新与可持续发展的核心力量,决定了高新技术企业的创新效率和竞争实力,是高新技术企业管理中的重要内容。在对高新技术企业人力资源类别进行系统研究与分析的基础上,设计了高新技术企业不同发展阶段人力资源优化配置模型,并给出有关策略,旨在为优化高新技术企业人力资源配置、提高人力资源利用效率提供方法与策略支持。