汉字与古代生育文化

汉字作为一种能够打破时空界限的表意文字,凝聚着深沉的社会文化背景。生育文化作为人类社会文化的组成部分之一,其面貌在汉字中必然有所记录。对与生育文化相关的汉字的原始构形理据进行汉字学角度研究,能够进一步了解中国传统生育文化及古代先民们的生育观。     

历明三朝的官员廖纪

廖纪是明代的名臣,《明史》有传,但对其家世、生卒年、出生地及为官履历都记载不全。根据有关史料,他的迁琼始祖在南宋后期人琼,并入赘“土官”之家;二世祖移居海南岛万安军陵水县那亮村,其祖父因事被逮系京师,其父陪赴京师并落籍于直隶河间东光;廖纪于景泰六年出生于东光,弘治三年登进士第人仕,为官历孝宗、武宗、世宗三朝,卒于嘉靖十一年八月。在为官的36年中,他能坚持“守正”,表现出廉洁、恪尽职守、不阿权贵的高贵品质。     

Coach Selections and the Relative Age Effect in Male Youth Ice Hockey

Relative age effects (RAEs; when relatively older children possess participation and performance advantages over relatively younger children) are frequent in male team sports. One possible explanation is that coaches select players based on physical attributes, which are more likely witnessed in relatively older athletes. Purpose: To determine if coach selections are responsible for RAEs by comparing RAEs in male players who played competitive versus noncompetitive ice hockey. Method: Using chi-square, we analyzed the birth dates of 147,991 male ice hockey players who were 5 to 17 years old. Players' birth dates were divided into four quartiles, beginning with January to March, which coincides with Hockey Canada's selection year. Results: There were strong RAEs (p < .001) when players were selected to competitive teams by coaches through a tryout system. On noncompetitive teams that did not have coach selections, there were strong RAEs (p < .001) from 5 to 8 years old, but not 9 to 17 years old. Conclusions: Although coaches might perpetuate RAEs, other influential social agents might include parents, which ought to be investigated in future research.     

《续说郛》作者陶埏生平事迹辑考

对于陶瑛的字号,历来各种典籍记载混乱,虽曾有学者已指订,学界却仍沿袭旧说,兹予以补充订正。陶璜生活于明末清初,因其诗文集不传,故有关其生平事迹及诗文创作情形仍语焉不详、支离残缺,今据相关方志及时人文集行状等文献,详加勾勒,以期对陶埏有较为深入的了解。     

50后两院院士高等教育传记特征与政策建议

为探索高等教育经历对高级创新人才成才的影响,对截至2007年我国已当选的99名50后两院院士(指1950年1月1日以后出生的中国科学院和中国工程院院士)的高等教育经历进行了调查。结果发现,高学历、学缘异质性、初始高等教育属地依赖性和名校弱依附性是50后两院院士普遍具有的高等教育传记特征。文章在此基础上对我国创新人才的培养提出了如下建议:(1)在优质高等教育资源的布局上,要同时兼顾地区人口数量和地区经济发展需要。(2)在高校学科建设上,质量提升与优势培育应为第一要务。(3)在创新人才培养模式上,要进一步强化跨院校、境内外高校本硕博联合培养机制。     

碧霞元君由来及演变

作为女神的碧霞元君,最早出现于文献中是晋代张华的<博物志>中提到的泰山女,此后文献对她的记载极多.宋代时,朝廷正式给碧霞元君以封号,明清时期她成为北方最受民众欢迎的女神.碧霞元君信仰与泰山信仰密切相关,在漫长发展过程中,碧霞元君逐渐独立出来,成为主掌生育的女神.     

New Resources for Childbirth Educators and Parents

In this column, reviewers offer perspectives and comments on a variety of new media resources for childbirth educators and for expectant and new parents. The books, CD, and DVDs reviewed in this issue''s column address the following topics: natural, safe, and healthy birth practices; doula care; breastfeeding; empowering women to make healthy lifestyle choices during pregnancy; encouraging mothers to bond with their babies before birth; and fathers'' and partners'' supportive role during labor and birth.     

Making a difference with evidence

In this column, the editor of The Journal of Perinatal Education describes how, despite the many challenges confronting childbirth educators today in our complex health-care environment, there is still a ray of hope that committed individuals translating evidence into practice can make a difference. The editor also describes the contents of this special issue, which celebrates the 50th anniversary of Lamaze International and offers a broad range of resources, research, and inspiration for childbirth educators in their efforts to promote natural, safe, and healthy birth.     

How Do Women Who Plan Home Birth Prepare for Childbirth?

In this column, the findings of a secondary analysis of data from a larger qualitative study of the experience of home birth are discussed. The aim was to describe the ways in which women who plan home birth prepare for their births. The findings provide support for the idea of birth preparation and education occurring throughout pregnancy and describe the ways in which women planning to give birth at home develop confidence, plan for support, and make decisions related to the particulars of the labor and birth. Implications of these findings for childbirth education are explored.     

Birth in an ordinary instant

Our daily lives are a series of ordinary moments and unnoticed thresholds-times that define us in ways we often do not give much attention. While we consider childbirth to be one of life's extra-ordinary events, the hours of labor and birth need not be dramatic (or traumatic) ones. I describe a quiet, well-supported birth in the Netherlands that is cause for celebration of the beauty of an ordinary instant that can define and enrich the human experience.