“单独二孩”政策对城市80后生育观的影响研究--以杭州市为例

生育政策是影响人们生育观念、优化人口结构的重要手段,对于实现人口的稳定、合理增长有着重要的意义。本研究应用问卷调查法和个案访谈法对杭州市“单独二孩”政策实施后80后的生育观变化进行了分析。研究发现：80后的生育意愿增强,对孩子性别偏好不明显,生育二孩的间隔大约为3—4年。基于此,杭州市政府应通过提供优质的生育服务;加大基础教育资源的供给;根据不同年龄段及生育间隔,及时做好应对生育高峰的准备;加强对“单独二孩”政策实施的监测力度;完善计划生育家庭的扶助制度以及提高对人口老龄化的认识等措施来正确应对人口问题。     

四川省地震灾区婴幼儿营养监测状况分析

作者通过对四川省青川县和彭州市两个地震灾区6-24个月龄婴幼儿健康状况的统计分析,发现该地区生长发育状况不佳,存在营养不良现象,其中贫血率较高。经过对比进行营养包6个月干预后的人群统计分析,发现营养状况稍得到改善,其中彭州市目标人群贫血改善明显,由此提出面对四川其它或其它类似贫困地震地区,由于贫困,天灾必然加剧受灾人群的营养状况,特别是贫血率状况,针对这些地区的求援,必须紧迫加强营养包的干预,而且需要持续性的干预,比较可靠的预算应该在灾难期6个月以上方有一定的作用,同时必要的管理措施有利于保证营养干预对象的稳定性,提高营养干预的有效性的。     

Relative Age Effect and Gender Differences in Physical Education Attainment in Norwegian Schoolchildren

The relative age effect (RAE) refers to that children born early in their year of birth show higher performance compared to children born late in the same cohort. The present study evaluated whether RAE exists within non-competitive physical education (PE) attainments, change in RAE magnitude with age, and possible gender differences. The results show a drop in PE attainment and a difference in number of high and low marks between the first and second half-year. Of the pupils who attained the highest mark, 73% were born in the first 6 months. In lower-secondary school, RAEs were larger in girls compared with boys. A possible explanation for the results is that the PE-teachers might be inspired by product-oriented criteria.     

俄罗斯人口问题及对中国的启示

俄罗斯在可持续发展过程中表现出的人口问题（如人口出生率偏低、人口死亡率偏高、人口素质较高、人口政策优惠、社会福利变化）对中国有很大的启示作用。认真分析和研究俄罗斯的人口现状,认真剖析造成俄罗斯人口出生率偏低和人口死亡率偏高的原因（如经济严重衰退、社会动荡、生活水平下降、不良嗜好、各种疾病、毒品泛滥等）,对我们进一步了解和认识俄罗斯社会及其对中国的发展前景具有深远的意义。     

Jack Thomas,Our Third Baby,Enters the World!

Without the confidence and support of the medical team, this mother’s first birth was difficult and unsatisfying. She was able to give birth naturally, in the care of a midwife, with her second baby. With confidence in her ability to give birth and the wisdom that comes with experience, she is able to give birth naturally with her third baby in spite of being induced.     

Healthy Birth Practice #3: Bring a Loved One,Friend, or Doula for Continuous Support

All women should be allowed and encouraged to bring a loved one, friend, or doula to their birth without financial or cultural barriers. Continuous labor support offers benefits to mothers and their babies with no known harm. This article is an updated evidence-based review of the “Lamaze International Care Practices that Promote Normal Birth, Care Practice #3: Continuous Labor Support,” published in The Journal of Perinatal Education, 16(3), 2007.     

A Paradigm of Normal Birth: Teaching Through the Healthy Birth Practices

Debra McAllister, a childbirth educator with 9 years of experience as a labor and delivery nurse, provides commentary on how she teaches through the Six Healthy Birth Practices as a paradigm for normal birth.     

梁启超文学启蒙思想的产生

作为晚清启蒙文学的领军人物,梁启超的文学启蒙思想有一个逐渐生成的过程。1898年9月（即戊戌政变）以前,晚清救亡图存的现实之需,促使梁启超开始从国民精神层面来考虑民族振兴之路,这在其思想文化观念上有具体表现,并由此引发了他利用文学来启蒙国民的初步思考。     

综述《为奴隶的母亲》中的庆生子习俗

《为奴隶的母亲》中提到了大量的民俗事项,除了＂典妻＂以外,还提到了产婆、庆生子、医药巫术等。本文重点阐述了庆生子的习俗。     

西部地区农村出生人口性别比失衡的原因与对策——基于贵州省长顺县马路乡出生人口的调查分析

当前西部地区农村B超仪器的普及与管理不善,出现了人工选择胎儿性另q的现象。加上重男轻女观念在农村根深蒂固,农业生产方式对男性劳动力的需求、对养老的需求形成了男孩偏好,形成了性别歧视的意识形态,从而造成出生人口性别比严重失衡的问题。解决性别比失衡问题需要职能部门的高度重视、多部门统筹协调并综合运用经济社会政策来齐抓共管。．