“农村书屋”研究综述及展望

＂农村书屋＂工程是由行政统一规划、组织实施的一项旨在惠及广大农民、推动农村文化建设的重要工程。从党的十七届三中全会提出这项惠民工程后,很多专家学者对农村书屋的建设情况进行了研究。本文对众多的研究进行了综述,并提出了＂农村书屋＂需要继续加强建设的内容。     

裕固族教育研究的学术精品——评《学校教育·地方知识·现代性:一项家乡人类学研究》

从研究视角的全面性、研究主题的重要性、研究方法的规范性、研究范式的继承性这4个方面评论了《学校教育·地方知识·现代性:一项家乡人类学研究》一书的学术贡献,认为它是裕固族教育研究领域的学术精品,同时在人口较少民族教育研究、教育人类学研究方面也具有重要意义。     

Child welfare characteristics in a sample of youth involved in commercial sex: An exploratory study

BackgroundHomeless, runaway, and youth exiting foster care are vulnerable to sexual exploitation, but little research has parsed the societal, community, and individual factors that contribute to their risk.Objectives(1) To estimate child welfare characteristics in a sample of homeless young people who engaged in commercial sex (CS); and (2) To compare young people who were sex trafficked (ST) to those who engaged in some other form of CS.Participants and settingThis study includes 98 homeless young people in Philadelphia, PA, Phoenix, AZ, and Washington, DC, who were interviewed for a larger study of ST and endorsed engagement in CS.MethodsWe used a non-probability, purposive, maximum variation sampling procedure. Interviews were recorded and responses were simultaneously noted on a standardized interview form. Data were analyzed through means, frequencies, and bivariate tests of association.ResultsAverage age of the full sample of 98 homeless young people was 20.9 years; 48% were female and 50% were Black/African American. Forty-six percent of the full sample was sex trafficked. The full sample and the victims of ST differed significantly in three child welfare characteristics, with the ST group more likely to have been maltreated as children, more likely to have had family involvement with the child welfare system (CWS), and more likely to report higher rates of living someplace other than with their biological parents as children.ConclusionsST victims differ from those who engaged in other forms of CS in histories of maltreatment, involvement with the CWS, and exposure to residential instability while growing up.     

中国人口增长预测

利用<中国人口统计年鉴>中的部分数据,结合中国人口增长特点,建立了以女性为主的数学模型.利用该模型对我国总人口、人口老龄化、未来育龄妇女人数等作了预测.     

Genomic consequences of population decline in critically endangered pangolins and their demographic histories

Pangolins are among the most critically endangered animals due to heavy poaching and worldwide trafficking. However, their demographic histories and the genomic consequences of their recent population declines remain unknown. We generated high-quality de novo reference genomes for critically endangered Malayan (Manis javanica, MJ) and Chinese (M. pentadactyla, MP) pangolins and re-sequencing population genomic data from 74 MJs and 23 MPs. We recovered the population identities of illegally traded pangolins and previously unrecognized genetic populations that should be protected as evolutionarily distinct conservation units. Demographic reconstruction suggested environmental changes have resulted in a population size fluctuation of pangolins. Additionally, recent population size declines due to human activities have resulted in an increase in inbreeding and genetic load. Deleterious mutations were enriched in genes related to cancer/diseases and cholesterol homeostasis, which may have increased their susceptibility to diseases and decreased their survival potential to adapt to environmental changes and high-cholesterol diets. This comprehensive study provides not only high-quality pangolin reference genomes, but also valuable information concerning the driving factors of long-term population size fluctuations and the genomic impact of recent population size declines due to human activities, which is essential for pangolin conservation management and global action planning.     

黄河上游兰西城市群人口时空特征多维透视

明确区域人口时空演化特征,有助于推动人口高质量集聚。本文以多源数据为基础,采用人口重心、标准差椭圆、人口分布结构指数、人口-土地一致性系数、空间自相关分析和GIS空间统计分析等方法,从城市群整体、县、乡（镇）和栅格尺度对兰州—西宁城市群人口时空特征进行分析,得出以下结论：①兰西城市群人口呈现规模小、流动性弱、城镇化水平低、人口和城镇化率小幅缓慢增长等基本特点。②人口重心略微西移,人口分布“西北—东南”走向的空间格局基本稳定,呈“核心—外围”式空间结构,兰州、西宁和临夏是3个人口集聚中心,其中兰州市显现出人口集聚的“虹吸效应”。甘青两片人口分布格局存在差异,甘肃片区人口密度中南部高、北部低,青海片区人口以西宁为中心向其他县域“圈层”递减。③海拔是影响兰西城市群人口垂直分布格局的主要地形因素,人口分布的高程梯度效应和河谷盆地集聚指向明显,人口主要集中在海拔低于2400 m的中海拔河谷盆地内。多尺度、多视角的研究结论及相应的对策建议,可为区域人口空间优化布局提供科学依据。     

“银色数字鸿沟”的形成及弥合——基于2001-2019年的文献梳理和理论透视

党的十九大报告提出“老有所养”“加快老龄事业和产业发展”的要求.在信息化时代为老年人提供各类特色服务,已经成为我国应对人口老龄化问题的重点工作.但老年群体在获取网络信息、使用信息科技能力上相对落后,在利用数字资源参与公共生活方面明显存在差距.如何弥合“银色数字鸿沟”以提升老年人生活质量已成为重要议题.本文系统梳理国内外...     

清末石家庄兴修铁路前后的变化

石家庄是中国近代农村城市化发展的典型范例.火车轮子伴随着20世纪的钟声把石家庄拉入城市化的轨道,从20世纪初至民国前,石家庄发生了巨大变化,耕地被出卖、农业劳动力转移、外来人口聚集、商业与服务业崛起、空间建筑大改观、地理地位大提升,这林林总总的变化拉开了石家庄城市化的序幕.     

基于整体性治理的我国青少年体育公共服务体系研究

体育强国战略背景下探究如何健全青少年体育公共服务体系,对于消弭青少年体育在整个体育事业、教育事业中的落差,改革和加强青少年体育工作具有重要意义。研究发现,我国青少年体育公共服务体系在完善制度、巩固基础、培育组织、开展活动、深化改革等方面取得长足发展,但是也还仍面临着区隔化、分散化和碎片化的瓶颈制约。依循整体性治理的学理逻辑,从跨政府部门整合、跨场域整合、跨公私领域整合的三维进路,实现青少年体育公共服务体系治理功能的整合、治理层级的整合和治理深度的整合,为构建体育部门与教育部门相结合,家庭、学校、社区体育相结合,政府与社会力量相结合的共建共治共享的青少年体育公共服务体系提供对策建议,致力于为青少年提供无缝隙的、整体性的体育公共服务。     

社会企业视角下我国青少年体育俱乐部能力建设研究

本文的研究目的在于在社会企业与青少年体育俱乐部之间建立一种学术联系,基于社会企业的视角探寻我国青少年体育俱乐部能力建设的路径,为我国青少年体育俱乐部能力建设提供新视角。根据研究目的的需要,主要采用文献研究法及理论分析法。研究结论为:社会企业作为一种运用市场的理念和模式实现公益目标的创新型社会组织,能为我国青少年体育俱乐部能力建设提供启示。基于社会企业的视角,分别从内部治理能力、组织发展能力、外部拓展能力、公益开展能力等方面提出了我国青少年体育俱乐部能力建设的路径。内部治理能力建设,就是要建立现代化的管理制度;组织发展能力建设,就是要实施市场营销策略和培育社会资本;外部拓展能力建设,就是要强化信用意识和承担社会责任;公益开展能力建设,就是要提高体育发展能力和健康促进能力。