The Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviour in Sport Scale: Further evidence for construct validity and reliability

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to provide further evidence for the construct validity (i.e., convergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity) of the Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviour in Sport Scale (PABSS), an instrument that has four subscales measuring prosocial and antisocial behaviour toward teammates and opponents. We also investigated test-retest reliability and stability of the PABSS. We conducted three studies using athletes from a variety of team sports. In Study 1, participants (N = 129) completed the PABSS and measures of physical and verbal aggression, hostility, anger, moral identity, and empathy; a sub-sample (n = 111) also completed the PABSS one week later. In Study 2, in addition to the PABSS, participants (N = 89) completed measures of competitive aggressiveness and anger, moral attitudes, moral disengagement, goal orientation, and anxiety. In Study 3, participants (N = 307) completed the PABSS and a measure of social goals. Across the three studies, the four subscales evidenced the hypothesised relationships with a number of variables. Correlations were large between the two antisocial behaviours and small between the two prosocial behaviours. Overall, the findings supported the convergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity of the scale, provided evidence for its test-retest reliability and stability, and suggest that the instrument is a valid and reliable measure of prosocial and antisocial behaviour in sport.     

Effects of Method of Subject Selection (Volunteer vs Random) and Treatment Variable on Motor Performance

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to test for possible interaction effects between method of subject selection (volunteer vs random) and a selected treatment variable—verbal encouragement. The presence of such an interaction would suggest that generalizations regarding verbal encouragement could be made only to specific subject populations. Volunteer (n = 40) and randomly selected (n = 40) subjects were randomly assigned to either a verbal encouragement condition or to a control group with no verbal encouragement. Dependent variables were a tapping task and a leg lift task. It was predicted that volunteer subjects, due to their higher need for approval and greater desire to accommodate, would perform significantly better under the verbal encouragement condition than would the randomly selected subjects. Multivariate and univariate data analyses indicated that the prediction was supported on the tapping task (female subjects only) but not on the leg lift task. It was concluded, at least on certain tasks, that use of volunteer subjects may result in a selection bias × treatment interaction effect that could limit the generalizability of research results.     

关于提高网球发球质量问题的探讨

网球发球的质量包括：发球的成功率、稳定性、球的速度、球的旋转、球的落点等,发球质量的好坏与比赛的胜负有很大关系。因此,“怎样提高网球的发球质量”这个问题是网球运动中一个极其重要的问题。     

The limit analysis in soil and rock： a mature discipline of geomechanics

The solution of a slope stability problem can be approached by its least upper-bound and maximum lower-bound with high accuracy. The limit equilibrium methods that employ vertical slices imply a lower bound of the factor of safety. It has been successfully extended to the area of active earth pressure analysis that accounts for different input of locations of earth pressure applications. Those methods that employ slices with inclined interfaces give an upper-bound approach to the stability analysis. It enjoys a sound mechanical background and is able to provide accurate solutions of soil plasticity. It has been successfully extended to the area of bearing capacity analysis in which various empirical coefficients are no longer necessary. The 3D upper- and lower-bound methods under this framework have been made possible and show great potential for solving various engineering problems.     

液压泵零流量压力急增故障的分析与排除

针对液压泵在试验中成批出现零流量压力急剧增大的故障现象,从液压泵的工作原理出发对其进行分析,找到了故障原因,并采取了相应的措施,使故障有效排除,从根本上解决了生产中的疑难问题.     

简述β系数的发展历程

在资本市场发展演变与实践过程中,正确度量投资风险一直是金融研究领域的核心问题。Sharpe（1964）等人在Markowitz投资组合理论的基础上推出资本资产定价模型（Capital Asset Pricing Model,CAPM）。此后这个模型广泛地应用在各个投资机构,基金管理,风险组合管理上。因而CAPM的关键因子：β系数的计算、性质以及如何能更好的实际应用就显得尤为重要,因此本文就β系数的定义、发展和β系数在中国的应用提出了一些看法。     

Predicting multicultural effectiveness of international students: the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire

The present study considered the reliability and validity of the 78-item revised version of the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire, a multidimensional instrument aimed at measuring multicultural effectiveness of expatriate employees and students. The questionnaire includes scales for cultural empathy, open-mindedness, emotional stability, social initiative and flexibility. Participants were native and foreign students of an international business school (N=171) in the Netherlands. The MPQ scales appeared to be more strongly predictive of adjustment of international students as compared to native students. Moreover, the instrument was able to explain variance in students’ adjustment beyond self-efficacy.     

Observer-based sliding mode control for a class of discrete systems via delta operator approach

In this paper, an observer-based sliding mode control (SMC) problem is investigated for a class of uncertain delta operator systems with nonlinear exogenous disturbance. A novel robust stability condition is obtained for a sliding mode dynamics by using Lyapunov theory in delta domain. Based on a designed sliding mode observer, a sliding mode controller is synthesized by employing SMC theory combined with reaching law technique. The robust asymptotical stability problem is also discussed for the closed-loop system composed of the observer dynamics and the state estimation error dynamics. Furthermore, the reachability of sliding surfaces is also investigated in state-estimate space and estimation error space, respectively. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed method.     

一类非自治阶段结构捕食系统的概周期解

研究了一类非自治阶段结构捕食系统的渐近性质,得到在适当的条件下系统的持久性及对应概周期系统正概周期解的存在性、唯一性以及全局渐近稳定性.     

天蓝绣球红色素及其稳定性研究

以天蓝绣球花序为实验材料,从光、热、PH值、还原介质、氧化介质、蔗糖、防腐剂、金属离子等对红色素稳定性的影响进行了研究.结果表明:天蓝绣球红色素的耐光、耐热、耐还原性、耐氧化性都较差.蔗糖、苯甲酸钠对色素稳定性有影响.金属离子Na+、Al3+、Zn2+对色度只有微弱影响,K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cu2+对溶液颜色的稳定性基本上无影响.而Fe3+的加入改变了色素溶液的颜色,对色度有一定影响.研究结果还表明,该红色素适用在低糖、酸性浓缩食品中使用,是一种值得开发的天然保健色素.