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Wenshu GaoRussell Smyth 《Economics of Education Review》2011,30(2):342-352
This article uses data from the China Urban Labour Survey administered across 12 cities in 2005 to estimate the economic returns to speaking standard Mandarin among internal migrants in China's urban labour market. The article builds on studies that estimate the economic returns to international immigrants of being fluent in the major language of the destination country and studies that estimate the economic returns to proficiency in the national language among groups of people who speak a minority language. Importantly, we control for potential endogeneity bias in the estimates of the effect of language fluency on earnings. We find that for migrants as a whole, there are considerable economic returns to speaking standard Mandarin. We also find gender differences. While the coefficient on fluency in standard Mandarin is statistically significant and large for females, the coefficient on fluency is statistically insignificant for males. One possible explanation for this finding is that female migrant workers are engaged more in occupations which have greater contact with urban locals and hence the return to investment in language skills is higher. 相似文献
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随着非常规互感器逐步在工程中代替传统电磁互感器运行,IEC 61850标准的颁布及其对信息的统一建模,高速以太网技术构建的变电站数据采集及传输系统的应用、智能化断路器技术的发展等,使得数字化变电站及数字化电网概念正被逐步提出。 相似文献
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选才用人,对领导者来说是一个重要的职责,是领导者的一个重要的能力。而领导者的用人恰当与否,则直接关系到事业的兴衰成败。正因为人才是事业兴衰之根本,因此领导者要成就事业.就必须树立科学的用人观,掌握高超的用人艺术. 相似文献
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针对传统51单片机外围电路复杂,缺少灵活性等缺点,采用最新的IAP15F2K61S2单片机作为控制核心,设计了一种车载酒精智能报警系统.该系统采用双重检测方式通过对驾驶员呼出气体酒精浓度的检测来控制汽车的启动,同时具有语音报警、GSM短信提示、温度时间显示等功能. 相似文献
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In this study, productivity growth in 35 Australian universities is investigated using non-parametric frontier techniques over the period 1998–2003. The five inputs included in the analysis are full-time equivalent academic and non-academic staff, non-labour expenditure and undergraduate and postgraduate student load while the six outputs are undergraduate, postgraduate and Ph.D. completions, national competitive and industry grants and publications. Using Malmquist indices, productivity growth is decomposed into technical efficiency and technological change. The results indicate that annual productivity growth averaged 3.3% across all universities, with a range from −1.8% to 13.0%, and was largely attributable to technological progress. However, separate analyses of research-only and teaching-only productivity indicate that most of this gain was attributable to improvements in research-only productivity associated with pure technical and some scale efficiency improvements. While teaching-only productivity also contributed, the largest source of gain in that instance was technological progress offset by a slight fall in technical efficiency. 相似文献
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In order to meet the requirements of information exchange varieties and manners in wide area protection system, a communication service model based on IEC 61850 is proposed. This service model can realize communication consistency and cooperation between different types of devices. Furthermore, the communication reliability and time delay performance are guaranteed to meet the requirements of relay protection from the upper layer. Message structure of generic substation event (GSE) and its communication mechanism are discussed. General methods to communicate digital information by generic substation status event (GSSE) and communicate analog sampling information by sampling analog value (SAV) of GSE are proposed. 相似文献
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LIU Dong-sheng ZOU Xue-cheng YANG Qiu-ping XIONG Ting-wen 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2006,7(10):1765-1771
INTRODUCTION The rapidly increasing application of radio fre- quency identification (RFID) includes supply chain management, access control to buildings, public transportation, airport baggage, and express parcel logistics (Karthaus and Fischer, 2003; Feldhofer, 2004; Glidden et al., 2004). Using an RFID system is a good approach for automated identification of products. RFID system consists of two major components, an interrogator (reader) and a transponder (tag), composed of an ant… 相似文献
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简单介绍了电网故障信息处理系统的基本功能以及现状,探讨了最新标准IEC61850以及统一建模语言UML和可扩展标记语言XML在故障处理系统开发中的应用. 相似文献