松华坝水库流域非点源污染景观空间负荷

为保障松华坝水库流域的饮水安全,促进滇池流域水污染的防治工作,本文以非点源污染为研究对象,通过专家打分法分析不同景观在该流域非点源污染形成中的贡献,并确定各“源”、“汇”景观的比重,以景观空间负荷对比指数为基础,分别从流域整体与各景观空间要素2个方面,定量研究了流域景观格局与非点源污染的关系。结果显示：①松华坝水库流域整体和各空间要素层面的4个景观空间负荷指数值均小于0.50,表明流域在整体和各景观空间要素层面,均属于“污染截留型”景观格局,即理论上由当前景观格局新产生并排出的非点源污染物极少;②坡度景观空间负荷指数>相对高程景观空间负荷指数>距离景观空间负荷指数,表明加强保护该流域中高海拔陡坡地带的“汇”景观,不仅可以防止形成新的“污染贡献型”景观格局,还可强化其隔离圈式“污染截留型”景观格局,有效阻挡流域中面积最大的“源”景观,位于中高海拔山区的旱地所产生的土壤和养分外流。     

政府型公共技术服务平台产学研用模式探索

本文通过采用校企共建实践教学基地、设置创新型项目化课程教学、研发产品的创新制作以及自主创业设立公司等方法和方式,对平台"产""学""研""用"四大模块进行应用研究,完善和提高平台的专业建设水平,发挥平台技术和研发力量的优势,使之成为既能满足行业企业的需求,又能真正成为培养"创新型人才"的"新平台",为探索高等院校人才培养模式的改革提供新思路。     

美国民俗生活中心口述文献的采集与利用

[目的/意义]推动我国图书馆的口述文献采集工作，提升我国图书馆口述文献利用服务水平。[方法/过程]通过网络、文献、邮件等方式，对美国国会图书馆下属的美国民俗生活中心进行全面调研，对其开展的退伍军人历史、职业民俗、民权口述历史调查和洛马克斯家族等典型项目进行介绍总结，在此基础上分析该中心开展口述文献采集与利用的经验。[结果/结论]分析结果认为，该中心积极利用数字技术与平台、探索多元化采集模式、加强与社会组织合作、设立各种基金与倡导捐款、尊重参与者合法权益等做法和经验，对我国图书馆界具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Paternal support for child sexual abuse victims: A qualitative study

BackgroundThe current state of knowledge regarding the role of non-offending fathers in supporting their sexually abused children is very scarce.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to further our understanding of fathers’ roles following disclosure of their children’s sexual abuse (SA) by evaluating fathers’ perceptions of the impact of disclosure on their involvement and support of their children.Participants and methodThis qualitative study relies on individual semi-structured interviews conducted with 17 fathers of allegedly abused children.ResultsInductive thematic analysis first highlighted that some reported a period of disengagement from the child during which they put into question their role and attitudes, followed by a period of re-involvement. This period of difficulties experienced by some fathers in regard to their involvement towards their children was due to either their own important psychological distress, their ambivalence towards their child or even because of feelings of uneasiness experienced during physical contact with them. Despite this, findings indicate the presence of thoughts and attitudes that suggest children are a source of concern for fathers. The four forms of abuse-specific support previously observed among mothers (believing the child, seeking out professional services, protecting him/her from the offender, supporting him/her emotionally) were also observed among fathers. In accordance with the activation theory, a form of support specific to fathers, namely, encouraging the child to open up to and explore the world outside the family, thereby, fostering the child’s self-esteem development, was observed and constitutes a relevant finding.ConclusionClinical and empirical implications are discussed.     

坦桑尼亚县域与城乡交通通达水平空间格局特征

坦桑尼亚是"一带一路"倡议通向非洲、辐射非洲内陆的重要门户，它在快速城市化过程中面临交通基础设施严重短缺问题。基于坦桑尼亚公路、铁路、机场、港口、人口和城市分布数据，运用GIS空间分析技术，结合交通通达指数模型，从县域与城乡两个层面对坦桑尼亚交通通达水平的空间格局特征进行定量分析。研究发现：1）坦桑尼亚县域交通通达水平空间分布极不均衡，高值连片区主要位于东北沿海和维多利亚湖沿岸，低值连片区主要位于中央铁路线中段以北、中央铁路线南部的广大地区；2）受地理区位、资源禀赋、殖民历史、政府政策等影响，城市与乡村地区之间的交通通达水平差异十分显著。研究结果有助于坦桑尼亚制定区域交通发展政策和优化资源配置，同时对中-坦产业精准对接和产能转移具有一定的促进意义。     

基于语料库的动态词群建构

提出一个以大规模语料库为资源提取材料,以词汇集为语义成分表达方式的动态词群建构方法,其维度特征值的提取不但具有客观性,而且操作简易。维度特征值用词汇集的方式表示特征取值范围,可以避免传统的义素概括性过强、词汇个性表现不足的缺陷。这种方法有利于面向应用的大规模动态词群的建构。     

Understanding the topic evolution of scientific literatures like an evolving city: Using Google Word2Vec model and spatial autocorrelation analysis

Topic evolution has been described by many approaches from a macro level to a detail level, by extracting topic dynamics from text in literature and other media types. However, why the evolution happens is less studied. In this paper, we focus on whether and how the keyword semantics can invoke or affect the topic evolution. We assume that the semantic relatedness among the keywords can affect topic popularity during literature surveying and citing process, thus invoking evolution. However, the assumption is needed to be confirmed in an approach that fully considers the semantic interactions among topics. Traditional topic evolution analyses in scientometric domains cannot provide such support because of using limited semantic meanings. To address this problem, we apply the Google Word2Vec, a deep learning language model, to enhance the keywords with more complete semantic information. We further develop the semantic space as an urban geographic space. We analyze the topic evolution geographically using the measures of spatial autocorrelation, as if keywords are the changing lands in an evolving city. The keyword citations (keyword citation counts one when the paper containing this keyword obtains a citation) are used as an indicator of keyword popularity. Using the bibliographical datasets of the geographical natural hazard field, experimental results demonstrate that in some local areas, the popularity of keywords is affecting that of the surrounding keywords. However, there are no significant impacts on the evolution of all keywords. The spatial autocorrelation analysis identifies the interaction patterns (including High-High leading, High-Low suppressing) among the keywords in local areas. This approach can be regarded as an analyzing framework borrowed from geospatial modeling. Moreover, the prediction results in local areas are demonstrated to be more accurate if considering the spatial autocorrelations.     

复杂网络在文献信息服务中的应用及实现方法

文章介绍了当前文献信息服务的发展趋势,分析了有待完善的功能以及实现这些功能的算法,同时重点介绍了基于复杂网络理论来分析文献数据的方法。文章实验基于中国生命科学文献数据库。通过分析其数据内容以及相关算法,本文实现了“研究热点发现”,“研究社团发现”等功能。