八大科学谜团新进展

谜团1治愈癌症?10年前,《大众机械》网站曾认为,预防应该是避免癌症的解决方案之一。10年来,尽管由各种恶性疾病引起的死亡率下降了几个百分点,但某些癌症,如恶性黑素瘤、白血病、胰腺癌以及肾癌等发病率却呈上升趋势。同时,化学治疗、放射性治疗以及手术治疗等手段治疗效果仍不乐观。     

为中国环境安全与公众健康保驾护航的科学家——访复旦大学放射医学研究所赵淑权研究员

我和赵淑权研究员谈的最多的话题是稀土。作为复旦大学放射医学研究所的研究员,他工作47余年来一直从事环境放射性监测,包括放射化学分析和γ能谱分析,形成以γ能谱技术为核心的两个系列。人工放射性的     

γ辐射测量技术在室内环境放射性测量中的应用研究

通过对威海地区室内环境及主要建筑装饰材料的γ辐射测量,对γ辐射测量技术在民用建筑工程室内放射性防护中的应用进行了初步探索.结果表明,建立与完善γ辐射测量技术在民用建筑工程中的应用,可作为现有的室内环境放射性测量手段有效的补充和完善     

河北省新建城市放射性废物库γ辐射水平监测与分析

河北省新建城市放射性废物库是放射性固体废物和废放射源贮存库,其辐射安全必须符合国家的有关规定。通过对河北省新建城市放射性废物库库区及周边环境的γ吸收剂量率监测与分析,表明放射性废物库的γ辐射水平符合国家相关标准的要求,对周围环境影响较小。     

高校化学实验室应加强环保教育

长期以来由于高校忽视对学生的环保教育,造成了学生在化学实验室中经常随意排放化学废物,造成了严重的环境污染。高校化学实验室作为培养人才的基地,有责任和义务加强对学生的环保教育,培养将来的环保生力军。     

环保时装秀

3月23日,一名大学生展示自己动手制作的废旧报纸时装。当日,一场环保低碳时装秀在山东潍坊学院举行,展出的时装全部是该院美术学院的大学生们使用废旧报纸、塑料等制作而成,旨在提高人们废物再利用的低碳环保意识。     

发挥“微专题”在复习课中的大作用

高三复习课采用专题复习的形式,不仅可以巩固双基教学成果,还有助于引导学生构建知识网络,提升运用所学知识解决问题的能力。在往年的高三复习中,笔者按照传统的专题形式组织复习,如"细胞的物质基础和结构基础""植物的新陈代谢""细胞的增殖"和"遗传的物质基础"等,由于复习时间跨度大、学习材料缺乏新颖性,造成很多知识点盲目、机械地重复,导致学生产生"审美疲劳",从而出现高耗低效的现象。针对上述情况,笔者近年来在专题复习的形式和主题选择上作了一些尝试和改进,在精选几个经典专题的基础上,适时穿插了一些"微专题",取得了较好的复习效果。     

湘东明月峰地区放射性地球化学特征及找矿前景探讨

本文在研究区域地质背景的基础上,综合本区γ能谱测量／土壤地球化学测量成果,进一步探讨放射性元素地球化学背景,追溯铀源层（体）。通过对该区放射性场（晕）特征及其与铀矿化关系的分析,总结找矿指标,并对该区找矿前景作了预测。     

Mechanisms of phosphate removal from aqueous solution by blast furnace slag and steel furnace slag

We report the adsorption of phosphate and discuss the mechanisms of phosphate removal from aqueous solution by burst furnace slag （BFS） and steel furnace slag （SFS）. The results show that the adsorption of phosphate on the slag was rapid and the majority of adsorption was completed in 5-10 min. The adsorption capacity of phosphate by the slag was reduced dramatically by acid treatment. The relative contribution of adsorption to the total removal of phosphate was 26%-28%. Phosphate adsorption on BFS and SFS follows the Freundlich isotherm, with the related constants of k 6.372 and 1/n 1.739 for BFS, and of k 1.705 and 1/n 1.718 for SFS. The pH and Ca^2＋ concentration were decreased with the addition of phosphate, suggesting the formation of calcium phosphate precipitation. At pH 2.93 and 6.93, phosphate was desorbed by about 36%-43% and 9%-11%, respectively. These results indicate that the P adsorption on the slag is not completely reversible and that the bond between the slag particles and adsorbed phosphate is strong. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns of BFS and SFS before and after phosphate adsorption verify the formation of phosphate salts （CaHPO4·2H2O） after adsorption process. We conclude that the removal of phosphate by BFS and SFS is related to the formation of phosphate calcium precipitation and the adsorption on hydroxylated oxides. The results show that BFS and SFS removed phosphate nearly 100%, indicating they are promising adsorbents for the phosphate removal in wastewater treatment and pollution control.     

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in flue gas emissions from municipal solid waste incinerators in China

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furalls(PCDD/Fs)emissions in flue gas from two types of municipal solid waste incinerators(MSWIs)most commonly used in China were investigated in this study.The selected incinerators include two grate-type MSWIs:MSWl-A(350 t/d)and MSWI-B(150 t/d),and two fluidized bed MSWIs:MSWI-C(400 t/d) and MSWI-D (400 t/d),which are all equipped with semi-dry lime scrubber and bag filter except MSWI-D equipped with cyclone and wet scrubber(WS)as air pollutant conffol device(APCD).Results indicated that the emission concentration and the international toxic equivalents(I-TEQs)of the PCDD/Fs from the stacks were in the range of 1.210～10.273 ng/Nm3 and 0.019～0.201 ngI-TEQ/Nm3,respectively.They were greatly lower than the emission regulation standard of PCDD/FS in China(1.0 ng I-TEQ/Nm3).However,only the PCDD/Fs emission Ievel from MSWI-C Was below 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3.Although the homologue profiles were distinct,the contributions of the 2,3,7,8-subsituted congenem to the total I-TEQ were similar among all the investigated MSWIs.Two major 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners,2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD,account for 47% and 9%(average values)of the total I-TEQ values,respectively.The correlation between PCDD/Fs levels and composition of flue gas Was also discussed.