山药浸提物对青春双歧杆菌发酵的影响

研究山药浸提物对青春双歧杆菌发酵影响的同时,对青春双歧杆菌发酵山药粗多糖的过程也进行了初步研究.采用严格厌氧Hungate滚管培养方法对双歧杆菌进行培养、发酵.结果表明对青春双歧杆菌发酵起作用的成分主要是山药粗多糖;山药浸提物的添加能提高青春双歧杆菌的二周残存率和改良青春双歧杆菌发酵鲜牛奶的风味和感官评价;山药浸提物和青春双歧杆菌能作为合生素[1]加以开发.     

Effect of selected fungi on the reduction of gossypol levels and nutritional value during solid substrate fermentation of cottonseed meal

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of six individual strains of fungi on the reduction of gossypol levels and nutritional value during solid substrate fen＇aentation of cottonseed meal （CSM）. Six groups of disinfected CSM substrate were incubated for 48 h after inoculation with either of the fungi C. capsuligena ZD- 1, C. tropicalis ZD-3, S. cerevisae ZD-5, A. terricola ZD-6, A. oryzae ZD-7, or A. niger ZD-8. One not inoculated group （substrate） was used as a control. Levels of initial and final free gossypol （FG）, crude protein （CP）, amino acids （AA） and in vitro digestibility were assayed. The experiment was done in triplicate. The experimental results indicated that microbial fermentation could greatly decrease （P〈0.05） FG levels in CSM. The detoxification efficiency differed between the species of microorganisms applied. From the perspective of reducing CSM potential toxicity, C. tropicalis ZD-3 was most successful followed by S. cerevisae ZD-5 and A. niger ZD-8. They could reduce FG levels of CSM to 29.8, 63.07 and 81.50 mg/kg based on DM （dry matter）, respectively, and their detoxification rates were 94.57%, 88.51% and 85.16%, respectively. If crude protein, amino acids content and their in vitro digestibility were also taken into account, Aniger ZD-8 may be the best choice. The CP content of CSM substrate fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 were improved by 10.76% and 22.24%; the TAA （total amino acids） contents were increased by 7.06% and 11.46%, and the EAA （essential amino acids） were raised by 7.77% and 12.64%, respectively. Especially, the levels of methionine, lysine and threonine were improved greatly （P〈0.05）. The in vitro CP digestibility of CSM fermented by C. tropicalis ZD-3 and A. niger ZD-8 was improved by 13.42% and 18.22%, the TAA were increased by 17.75% and 22.88%, and the EAA by 16.61% and 21.01%, respectively. In addition, the in vitro digestibility of methionine, lysine and threonine was also improved greatly （P〈0.05）.     

喝出来的笑话

三十岁之前,国家粮食紧张,酒少。喝不到什么好酒,多是薯干酒,或是医药酒精兑水的＂酒＂,这些东西喝过不少。那天,酒桌上谈到了喝酒的事儿,朋友笑话我说：＂你三十岁之前,不应该算喝酒。     

两亿人的酒精战争

据世界卫生组织最新统计资料表明,全世界有酒依赖症患者近2亿人。而导致这些人成为嗜酒者的原因主要来自遗传、人格特征和环境这三方面。比如,那些本身具有情感类障碍,容易焦虑、抑郁,喜欢寻求外界刺激的人,往往更容易变成酒依赖者;处在一个很容易获得酒精的环境,也更有可能变成一个“酒鬼”。     

微生物发酵饲料发展现状及展望

微生物发酵饲料在养殖业中发展十分迅速,前景十分广阔.本文综述了微生物发酵饲料生产菌种、微生物发酵饲料种类及作用机理,阐述了微生物发酵饲料目前存在问题和发展前景.     

快吃甜慢吃酸

小朋友们都喜欢吃糖吧?你吃糖是嚼着吃还是慢慢含化?有专家说,"吃糖"这事儿也有科学:人的口腔中有一种叫乳酸杆菌的东西,它能使糖发酵产生乳酸,乳酸多了,造成龋齿的机率也就增加了。一般情况下,小朋友们吃糖总是慢慢含化,怪不得糖吃多了就会牙疼!     

发酵豆粕对早期断奶仔猪生长、肠道微生物菌群及腹泻的影响

试验选择21日龄断乳仔猪120头,随机分为对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组共个四组,分别用不同比例的发酵豆粕替代普通大豆粕配制的日粮饲喂,研究发酵豆粕对早期断乳仔猪生长性能的影响。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组仔猪的平均日增重、料重比和平均日采食量均随发酵豆粕剂量的增加而逐渐改善,其中以试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的仔猪日增重显著增加（p〈0.05）;试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组均比对照组的腹泻率明显降低,差异极显著（p〈0.01）,而试验Ⅰ组与对照组相比仔猪的腹泻率有所降低,但差异均不显著（p〉0.05）;仔猪肠道中大肠杆菌数量比对照组均有一定程度的下降,而乳酸杆菌数量则呈现增长的趋势,且以试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的效果显著（p〈0.05）。试验结果说明：早期断乳仔猪日粮中使用不同比例的发酵豆粕可一定程度调节肠道微生物菌群结构,减少早期断乳仔猪的腹泻发生,改善了早期断乳仔猪的生产性能,以发酵豆粕添加10%以上效果较明显。     

应用型本科院校发酵工艺学课程教学改革与学生创新能力的培养

本文对发酵工艺学课程教学改革与学生创新能力培养需要解决的主要问题与主要措施进行了探讨,旨在构建适应社会主义市场经济的发酵工艺学课程体系和学生能力培养体系.     

开设发酵工程实验提高学生综合素质

发酵工程是一门实验性很强的学科.本文就发酵工程实验课程的教学目的、教学内容、教学安排、成绩评定等内容进行了介绍,重点探讨了提高学生综合素质的方法和途径,并对该门课程开设三年来的教学实践和体会进行了总结.