Early gender test score gaps across OECD countries

The results reported in this paper contribute to the debate about gender skill gaps in at least three ways. First, we document the large differences in early gender gaps across developed countries using a large scale, modern, representative data source. Second, we show that countries with pro-female sorting, countries that place girls in classes with higher than average scores have smaller gender test score gaps, at least in math. Third, we show that the degree of academic tracking is correlated with observed gender gaps across developed countries.     

试论十六大以来的党内民主建设

党内民主是增强党的创新活力、巩固党的团结统一的重要保证。本文总结了十六大以来党内民主在理论和实践上取得的重大发展,并在此基础上梳理其中的宝贵经验,旨在推动党内民主在新时期进一步发展。     

“A tie is a tie? Gender and network positioning in life science inventor collaboration”

Collaborative relationships are an important anchor of innovative activity, and rates of collaboration in science are on the rise. This research addresses differences in men’s and women’s collaborative positioning and collaborator characteristics in science, and whether network influences on scientists’ future productivity may be contingent on gender. Utilizing co-inventor network relations that span thirty years of global life science patenting across sectors, geographic locations, and technological background, I present trends of men’s and women’s involvement in patenting and their collaborative characteristics across time. Amidst some network similarities, women are less likely to connect otherwise unconnected inventors (brokerage) and have greater status-asymmetries between themselves and their co-inventors. In multivariate models that include past and future activity, I find that some network benefits are contingent on gender. Men receive greater returns from network positioning for brokerage ties, and when collaborating with men. Women benefit from collaborating with women, and are more likely to collaborate with women, but both men and women collaborate with mostly men. I discuss the implications of these results for innovative growth, as well as for policies that support men’s and women’s career development.     

‘They get a qualification at the end of it,I think’: incidental workplace learning and technical education in England

Workplace learning is increasingly central to the international lifelong learning agenda but has made limited contributions to full-time vocational education in England during the last 30 years. A more central role is envisaged within the technical education proposed by the 2016 Sainsbury Review and Post-16 Skills Plan, with access to work placements dominating discussion of policy implementation. A multicase study of workplace learning among post-16 students in England on current ‘study programmes’ was mapped to four of the technical routes designated by the Sainsbury Review and Skills Plan, using documentary, observation and interview data. The study drew on theorisation of the workplace as the site of situated or incidental learning, whilst noting that its opportunities are differentially allocated according to organisational or personal differences, in ways that have particular implications for young people on placements. Whilst access to more advanced learning opportunities was secured through planned, collaborative approaches, reliance on incidental learning offered more routinised experiences to students less prepared for autonomous learning. The study indicates that questions of access, knowledge and pedagogy remain to be addressed if plans for ‘technical education’ in England are to provide meaningful learning opportunities and support transitions to fulfilling work.     

路易十六——我们应当重新认识

法国大革命被神话的外衣下有极其丑陋的一面,路易十六--这位无辜地成为了法国大革命牺牲品的法国国王,曾经为化解国家财政危机而励精图治,为支持法国大革命而拥护君主立宪,最后用自己的生命换来了法国大革命的进一步发展,这样一位国王,我们应当重新认识和评价。     

基于 3D FPN 的肺结节检测

肺癌早期发现与诊断对提高肺癌患者生存率至关重要。肺癌主要是由恶性肺结节造成的,通过肺结节早期检测与诊断能够及时发现病情,显著提高肺癌存活率。随着深度学习网络在医学辅助诊断领域应用的迅速发展,现已有很多深度网络被应用于肺结节检测。通过统计检测目标肺结节半径分布情况,发现大部分肺结节半径较小。因此,结合 CT 影像数据的三维特性,提出使用 3D FPN 进行单阶段肺结节检测,能够解决肺小结节检测效果不佳的问题。在公用肺结节数据集 LUNA16 上验证了网络的有效性,CPM 值达到 0.893 2,相比其它肺结节检测网络,检测效果提高了 2%。     

Innovation and firm value: An investigation of the changing role of patents, 1985–2007

This paper examines how the relationship between firm value and patent-based indicators of inventive activity has changed over time. We use data from more than 33,000 mergers and acquisitions deals between 1985 and 2007, and distinguish between American (USPTO) and European (EPO) patents. Our results indicate that over time EPO patents have become the dominant indicator of innovative activity, while USPTO patents have no effect on firm value near the end of the sample period. The results are robust to controlling for citations and are especially strong for small firms, for firms operating in the drug and chemical industries, and when target and acquiring firms operate in different industries or countries.     

第四届女足亚少赛中、日、朝进攻技战术研究

采用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法和对比分析法,对第四届U16女足亚少赛中国、日本、朝鲜球队共12场比赛进攻技战术运用进行分析,揭示三队在进攻技战术打法上的特点以及中国队与其他两支球队的同异性,结果表明：中国队在进攻中以长传冲吊为主;日本队由于身体对抗不占优势,所以主要进攻打法秉承日本成年女足的风格,是以控球加短传渗透为主;朝鲜队进攻时注重整体、边中结合,进攻时会把球直接传给前锋脚下,打法比较快速、简洁实用。     

论十六大报告对依法治国方略的拓进

党的十六大报告在承继了十五大报告依法治国理念的基础上 ,提出了依法执政、立法的标准、完善保护私人财产的法律制度、依法治军、文化道德建设法制化等新观点。这些观点对依法治国方略作了全面具体地部署与落实。因此 ,十六大报告必将对依法治国方略的实施 ,法治国家的实现产生巨大地推动作用。     

论十六届四中全会《决定》与理论创新

十六届四中全会《决定》是中国共产党对马克思主义党建学说的新贡献。《决定》提出了一系列新思想、新观点、新论断、新举措,初步构建起党的执政能力建设的理论框架,大大拓展和深化了党的建设新的伟大工程,丰富和发展了马克思主义党建学说,在党的建设史上具有里程碑意义。