重大疫情下“陌生人社会”的焦虑与秩序重建——以我国抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为例

随着工业化、城镇化、信息化与市场化的推进,我国已经由熟人社会进入"陌生人社会"。重大疫情的突然暴发及因疾病的传染性、致死性等诸多不可控因素的出现加剧"陌生人社会"人们的恐慌、焦虑,出现谣言四起、社会焦虑现象。重大疫情下需要通过制度化规范、道德性约束、科学化防范和文明化提升促使"陌生人社会"的理性逐步回归,进而重建社会秩序。     

论网络舆情与舆论的转换及其影响

网络舆情的实质是政府回应问题而非信息问题。新冠肺炎舆情从酝酿至爆发、反复,以至最后消减,均与地方政府对公众的疫情需求回应密切相关。舆情治理要从信息治理的思路转变到提高政府回应实效的思路上来,即正确定位舆情性质、提高回应能力及解决回应的机制瓶颈。     

网络经济对传统经济周期的影响

康德拉季耶夫提出的长波周期假说是最早描述经济长期波动的理论。熊彼特在经济周期理论中从多个方面对长波的形成原因和运行状况进行了分析说明,认为在经济长波中技术创新是根本原因,“四阶段”模式是运动轨迹,“三周期嵌套”模式是内在循环,外部变化是影响因素。基于熊彼特经济周期理论和新熊彼特学派理论,从技术创新视角分析历史上的五次经济长波,可以发现每次长波的上升和下降都有相似之处,即长波的繁荣都由重大技术创新所推动,长波的衰退都由技术创新的衰竭所导致,而五次长波从繁荣到衰退的“拐点”也必然由股市泡沫的破裂所引发。在新一轮产业革命方兴未艾之时,特别在当前全球疫情蔓延的冲击下,中国应该提高自身技术创新能力,以在未来的发展中占得先机。     

Considerations for development and use of AI in response to COVID-19

Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing a key supporting role in the fight against COVID-19 and perhaps will contribute to solutions quicker than we would otherwise achieve in many fields and applications. Since the outbreak of the pandemic, there has been an upsurge in the exploration and use of AI, and other data analytic tools, in a multitude of areas. This paper addresses some of the many considerations for managing the development and deployment of AI applications, including planning; unpredictable, unexpected, or biased results; repurposing; the importance of data; and diversity in AI team membership. We provide implications for research and for practice, according to each of the considerations. Finally we conclude that we need to plan and carefully consider the issues associated with the development and use of AI as we look for quick solutions.     

Information technology solutions,challenges, and suggestions for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic

Various technology innovations and applications have been developed to fight the coronavirus pandemic. The pandemic also has implications for the design, development, and use of technologies. There is an urgent need for a greater understanding of what roles information systems and technology researchers can play in this global pandemic. This paper examines emerging technologies used to mitigate the threats of COVID-19 and relevant challenges related to technology design, development, and use. It also provides insights and suggestions into how information systems and technology scholars can help fight the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper helps promote future research and technology development to produce better solutions for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics.     

疫情期间不同传播渠道对公众“自我卷入”程度的影响

实证表明新冠肺炎疫情下公众选择不同传播渠道产生的"自我卷入"程度不一:短视频、微博(或微信)、新闻类APP等移动新传播渠道给公众造成的恐惧感更为显著;电视(或广播)等传统渠道更能影响公众的应急反应,让公众主动采取防护措施,积极进行自我保护和积极应对;但公众在权威信息、疫情进展上对电视(或广播)等传统渠道的期望值更高。主流媒体应从把控信息源头、创新表达形式、布局好舆情监测机制、做好媒体议程设置等四个方面来提高自身公信力,提高公众对主流信息的"自我卷入"程度,以防范可能出现的"信息疫情",维护社会秩序健康稳定。     

Student Perception and the Effectiveness of Kahoot!: A Scoping Review in Histology,Anatomy, and Medical Education

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has presented challenges in medical education particularly, with development of online learning in a short time period. Notably there has been a significant increase in the use of digital technology applications to meet this challenge. For instance, in the first quarter of 2020 the game-based software Kahoot! reported a threefold increase in players and a fivefold increase in asynchronous learning globally. However, there is limited research into the use of game-based digital technology applications such as Kahoot! and the associated learning theories, particularly in histology, anatomy, and medical education. This scoping review explored the utilization, outcome scores, and student perceptions of learning with the application of Kahoot! in histology, anatomy, and medical education. Online databases were used to identify articles published between 2013 and 2021 from which 12 articles were included in the review. The majority of articles supported positive student outcomes including improved collaborative learning, improved knowledge of content, attendance, and participation. Minor negative aspects included increased time on task, overwhelming learning content, and distractions due to gadgets. None of the articles included a control group. The main educational theories identified were active learning followed by social and constructivism learning theory. In light of the Covid-19 pandemic a rapid and fundamental shift in how digital applications are being used in educational institutions has evolved. Further research on learning frameworks and studies with control groups is required to evaluate Kahoot! as a potentially valuable online application in histology, anatomy, and medical education.     

多元的时间和空间视阈下的19世纪中国社会——几个区域社会史的例子

社会史研究是否关注重大的社会政治变革?对此问题的答案无疑是肯定的。以19世纪的重大变革而论,区域社会史研究的一些例子向我们揭示了更为复杂多元的图景。宁波的例子告诉我们,作为一个有上千年通商历史的港口城市,面对中外纠纷,可能采用不同的应对方式,使这次纠纷成为本地此前多次中外交往的普通一次;土默特的例子则说明了中国历史上的一次重要转折点,游牧民族南下的趋势彻底扭转,而"三北"的拓垦所造成的社会变革,其重要性可与西方列强来华相比。这些从区域内部发现的历史轨迹,或许可以深化我们对这场变革的认识,由此社会史研究可以提供不同于传统政治史的解答。     

国外高校图书馆参与虚假健康信息治理调研及启示

[目的/意义]新冠肺炎疫情期间虚假健康信息泛滥,参与虚假健康信息治理是高校图书馆保障公众信息需求、提供健康信息服务的重要手段。[方法/过程]运用网络调研与文献调研的方法,选取国外15所高校图书馆开展调研,从虚假健康信息辨别方法提供、多元信息素养教育开展、可靠健康信息资源建设、疫情相关研究支撑提供、疫情记忆档案库构建实施5个方面归纳国外高校图书馆的治理举措。[结果/结论]国内高校图书馆可以从重视和参与虚假健康信息治理、构建协同治理虚假健康信息体系、创新虚假健康信息治理服务3个方面参与虚假健康信息治理。     

“读者留言东莞图书馆”的故事社会学解读

"读者留言东莞图书馆"是现象级的图书馆叙事案例。文章以故事社会学为理论框架,结合文本分析法,探究这一案例的生产、传播及其意义再生产,为后疫情时代图书馆事业发展提供参考。研究发现:新冠疫情的爆发、农民工的身份建构、东莞图书馆的职能定位是故事生产的关键所在;图书馆界、社会公众在故事传播中扮演重要角色,并通过专业研讨、转发、评论与回复等形式进行故事意义再生产。