新冠疫情背景下瑜伽对机体免疫功能提高的潜在生理学机制

新冠病毒的爆发流行,对人类健康生活产生的极大的影响,持续隔离、控制外出导致的体力活动不足会降低人体抵御病毒感染的能力,对机体系统以及心理产生损害。而瑜伽作为体力活动的一种,是否能够成为预防或治疗COVID-19的辅助性手段?其如何影响机体?本文基于前人研究,对此做了梳理与归纳相关机制,其结论显示:通过瑜伽的呼吸技能以及体式动作,提高机体免疫细胞、免疫能力,有效缓解COVID-19患者的肺功能障碍;另一方面通过瑜伽组合性动作,对自主神经系统产生一定的影响,提高副交感神经的兴奋性,缓解患者焦虑、抑郁等情绪波动,还改善个人的心理健康状态。最后,通过瑜伽冥想可以促进体内褪黑素的生成,提高氧化能力与免疫水平,从而对COVID-19患者也能增加机体抗炎与抗氧化的能力,提高患者免疫能力。     

新冠肺炎重点防控疫区的医院人力管理策略

2020年1月,武汉暴发了新冠肺炎,感染人数增长趋势明显,医院的救治任务繁重,医护人员紧缺。为应对公共卫生突发事件,积极调动医务人员,保障医务团队高效运行,从疫情形势、人员的调配、值班制度、薪酬待遇、关心关爱政策、奖惩激励措施等6个方面进行了探讨。     

How Can Released State Test Items Support Interim Assessment Purposes in an Educational Crisis?

State testing programs regularly release previously administered test items to the public. We provide an open-source recipe for state, district, and school assessment coordinators to combine these items flexibly to produce scores linked to established state score scales. These would enable estimation of student score distributions and achievement levels. We discuss how educators can use resulting scores to estimate achievement distributions at the classroom and school level. We emphasize that any use of such tests should be tertiary, with no stakes for students, educators, and schools, particularly in the context of a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic. These tests and their results should also be lower in priority than assessments of physical, mental, and social–emotional health, and lower in priority than classroom and district assessments that may already be in place. We encourage state testing programs to release all the ingredients for this recipe to support low-stakes, aggregate-level assessments. This is particularly urgent during a crisis where scores may be declining and gaps increasing at unknown rates.     

Switching to online learning during COVID-19: Theorizing the role of IT mindfulness and techno eustress for facilitating productivity and creativity in student learning

Online learning environments facilitate improved student learning by offering IT tools to enhance student productivity- and creativity-in-learning. COVID-19 impacted social-distancing measures forced an abrupt switch to online learning in most universities, putting immense pressure on the students to creatively adapt to new ways of online learning. Despite the purported positives of online learning, in the COVID-19 scenario, students reported mixed outcomes. While some students could adapt to the ‘new normal’, others struggled to adjust to the transformed IT-enabled learning scenario. Grounding our work in IT mindfulness literature, we posit that an IT-enabled learning environment may have differential impact on students’ productivity- and creativity-in-learning, depending on the extent of their IT mindfulness. Besides leveraging the mindfulness-to-meaning theory, we hypothesize the mediating role of techno eustress in the relationship between student IT mindfulness and learning effectiveness. We test the theorized model through data collected via a two-wave survey in a university student population exclusively using IT-enabled learning environments during the pandemic lockdown period. Results indicate that IT mindfulness has significant positive relationships with both productivity- and creativity-in- learning. Moreover, these relationships are mediated by the students’ techno eustress perceptions. Theoretical and practical implications arising from our study are also discussed.     

新发突发传染病驱动的谣言传播建模与仿真——双重网络下的研究

[目的/意义] 传染病传播往往伴随着谣言,新发突发传染病更是如此。相应地,疾病防控过程同时也是谣言控制过程。对于谣言控制而言,理解其产生机制与传播规律具有基础意义。[方法/过程] 基于疾病传染与谣言传播模型,通过引入创新扩散视角,提出了新发突发传染病驱动的谣言传播描述框架,构造了个体层面上的数学模型。在实验设计的基础之上,利用智能体建模技术展开了系统的仿真实验。[结果/结论] 基于仿真实验数据的分析结果显示,除了谣言传播参数之外,新发突发传染病相关因素,包括疾病参数与流行病感知参数,亦能够对谣言传播造成具有统计显著性的影响。这一结论意味着,忽视谣言传播对于疾病传播依赖性的谣言治理策略可能并不如期望的那样有效,可能会造成治理资源的浪费,甚或造成相反的结果。     

The response of total testing process in clinical laboratory medicine to COVID-19 pandemic

IntroductionFollowing a pandemic, laboratory medicine is vulnerable to laboratory errors due to the stressful and high workloads. We aimed to examine how laboratory errors may arise from factors, e.g., flexible working order, staff displacement, changes in the number of tests, and samples will reflect on the total test process (TTP) during the pandemic period.Materials and methodsIn 12 months, 6 months before and during the pandemic, laboratory errors were assessed via quality indicators (QIs) related to TTP phases. QIs were grouped as pre-, intra- and postanalytical. The results of QIs were expressed in defect percentages and sigma, evaluated with 3 levels of performance quality: 25^th, 50^th and 75^th percentile values.ResultsWhen the pre- and during pandemic periods were compared, the sigma value of the samples not received was significantly lower in pre-pandemic group than during pandemic group (4.7σ vs. 5.4σ, P = 0.003). The sigma values of samples transported inappropriately and haemolysed samples were significantly higher in pre-pandemic period than during pandemic (5.0σ vs. 4.9σ, 4.3σ vs. 4.1σ; P = 0.046 and P = 0.044, respectively). Sigma value of tests with inappropriate IQC performances was lower during pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period (3.3σ vs. 3.2σ, P = 0.081). Sigma value of the reports delivered outside the specified time was higher during pandemic than pre-pandemic period (3.0σ vs. 3.1σ, P = 0.030).ConclusionIn all TTP phases, some quality indicators improved while others regressed during the pandemic period. It was observed that preanalytical phase was affected more by the pandemic.     

重大突发事件语境下的公共图书馆应急服务研究——以新冠肺炎疫情为背景

公共图书馆作为公益性的信息传播和服务机构,对于突发事件下的危机管理和应急服务有着不可推卸的责任和义务。文章以新冠肺炎疫情为背景,从预防与应急准备、应急处置、事后恢复与重建三个阶段对公共图书馆的应急服务现状进行调查。研究发现,不少公共图书馆积极采取行动应对疫情值得肯定,但是同时也暴露出一些问题。图书馆应该认真反思,找准差距,强化风险防范意识和安全意识,完善图书馆应急服务机制,提高应急服务能力。     

Challenges and policies for promoting internationalization—The case of Iranian public universities

The global knowledge economy has turned higher education into a key player in societal development. Internationalization benefits higher education institutions in several aspects, such as improvement and visibility in international rankings, revenue generation via tuition fees and external funding, improvement of research and teaching quality, integration with academic communities and familiarization with scholarly attitudes. In this study, we provide insights into the challenges of internationalization faced by higher education institutions in Iran as a developing country. Several policies and practices have been adopted in Iran to improve internationalization efforts; however, these activities have had little impact on the quality of research and educational programs at Iran's universities. Understanding the challenges they face in a systematic way can help identify different factors and develop a set of suggestions to increase the quality and quantity of international cooperation. We formulate our suggestions based on the opportunities provided by the digitalization solutions in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increasing importance of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals in both global and national environments. We interviewed 15 faculty members in Iranian higher education institutions and 14 managers in charge of international affairs at universities in Iran. In addition, data extracted from three forums on Iranian higher education internationalization are analysed. Using a grounded theory approach, we group the challenges into macro-, institutional and individual levels and then suggest a number of practices and policies to increase the quantity and quality of internationalization efforts.     

新冠肺炎疫情防控期间大学英语线上教学的实践与反思

在突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情面前,为了最大限度地降低停课对学生学业的影响,各大高校纷纷采用线上教学的方式开展2020年春季学期的教学工作。该文回顾了疫情防控期间作者大学英语线上教学的实践情况,并在此基础上进行了反思,希望能对将来线上、线下相结合的大学英语教学有所裨益。     

疫情背景下中职生心理健康调查分析

新冠肺炎疫情的突然暴发,改变了学生习惯的学习和生活,复课后的各种不适应接踵而来,甚至引发一些情绪问题,影响了学生的心理健康。为进一步探究疫情对中职生心理健康的影响,该研究以作者所在的职业学校为例,采用心理健康诊断测验(MHT)调查分析了中职生心理健康总体情况。