基于ADL的长三角地区老年人体质现状研究

为了解长三角地区老年人以ADL(activity of daily living)为核心的体质现状,采用问卷调查法、现场测试法对该地区1 885名60岁以上老年人进行了调查、测试。主要研究结果显示,老年人的体质水平总体呈现随年龄增长而下降的趋势,但是具有较明显的阶段变化特征。男性老年人在现场测试指标方面的优势较为明显,但是在ADL方面男女差异不明显。年龄增加、初中以下文化程度、农民职业经历等因素对体质水平产生不良效应。     

Effects of different types of exercise on muscle mass,strength, function and well-being in elderly

Abstract

Poor muscle strength and physical function have been associated with higher risk of hospitalisation and lower well-being among the elderly. Physical training increases muscle strength, endurance and physical function as well as psychological outcomes. Exercise among older adults is often used to improve these variables, but few have compared the effects of different types of training in parallel independent groups. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of three different types of training on body composition, muscle strength, physical function and well-being in the elderly. A total of 118 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 74.3, s=4.6 years, 68% women) completed a 13-week randomised controlled exercise-trial involving four groups: traditional strength training (STG), functional strength training (FTG), endurance training (ETG) and control (CON). Stair climb with load improved more in FTG than CON (P<0.05), and the two strength groups performed better in the functional upper body test (P<0.05). STG increased strength more than CON in all exercises (P<0.001), while FTG increased strength more than CON in the chest press, shoulder press and knee extension (P<0.05). Lean body mass (LBM) increased in all training groups, which differed significantly from CON (P<0.05). ETG decreased their fat mass compared to CON (P<0.001). The only significant effect on well-being indices was improved life satisfaction in FTG at week 5 (P<0.05). We also observed significant correlations between change in some of the functional tests and change in positive affect.

All three types of training can enhance physical capacity. Functional strength training can be a cost effective form of training in terms of less demand for instructors and equipment and could be an effective way to improve physical function, strength and indices of well-being in the elderly.     

影响我国通货膨胀的经济因素分析——基于ADL模型估计

治理通货膨胀、保持物价水平稳定是中国货币政策的主要目标之一,而目前影响中国物价水平的原因十分复杂。研究表明,通胀预期因素、供给因素和货币供应量是中国通货膨胀的主要决定因素。资产价格和外部因素虽然在统计上不显著,但是房价和外汇储备的连续增长使得通胀水平有了上升的动力。为了防止通货膨胀水平的上升,政府应采取以下政策：PPI可以作为CPI的先行经济指标;利用政策积极引导通胀预期;积极推动人民币国际化改革;规范房地产供给制度,坚持制定并实施房地产调控政策。     

城市老年人的肌力变化及其对ADL的影响

通过对上海、南京、芜湖3城市l,226名60-97岁老年人与日常生活活动(ADL)的调查,测试了城市老年人肌力变化特点,分析肌力变化与ADL的关系.结果表明:城市老年人肌力随年龄增长而下降,男女性分别在80岁和75岁之后下降幅度增大;肌力下降将给老年人ADL带来不良影响;以反复坐起试验(RCS)时间=9.0秒表示肌力下降的临界值较合理,此时灵敏度为O.88,特异度为0.60.为了防止老年人肌力下降影响老年人日常生活活动能力,需要有针对性地在老年人体育锻炼中增加力量练习的比重.     

国外教育资源元数据标准比较研究

介绍4种国外主要的教育资源元数据标准:IEEE LOM、DCEd、GEM、ADL/SCORM;从结构体系、元素繁简、描述能力、扩展规则、互操作性等多方面对它们进行比较、分析,指出在元数据规范创建过程中,需要注意尽量借鉴已有的高质量之数据标准;元素的设置应宜简不宜繁;元数据标准要具备良好的扩展能力和互操性等。     

早期运动康复治疗对脑卒中偏瘫患者日常生活活动能力的影响

探讨早期康复治疗对脑卒中患者3个月和6个月日常生活活动能力(ADL)的影响.将28例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分成康复组(14例)和对照组(14例)进行临床对照研究,两组均常规进行神经内科药物治疗,康复组加以运动疗法,对每例患者入组时、病程3个月和6个月分别用改良的Barthel指数(MBI)测试ADL能力.通过两组前后比较和组间比较差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.05);两组的变化均数比较,康复组6个月ADL能力恢复优于对照组(P＜0.001).得出早期康复治疗对脑卒中偏瘫患者的日常生活活动能力有良好的促进作用.