Breaking the Ivory Tower: Academic Entrepreneurship in the Life Sciences in UK and Germany

We examine engagement in commercial activities (consulting, patenting, and founding) among more than 2200 German and UK life scientists. We test hypotheses that include attributes of individuals, their material and social resources, and perceptions about values and reputation. We find that characteristics reflecting professional security, advantage and productivity are strong predictors for a greater breadth of participation in academic entrepreneurship, but not for all forms of technology transfer that we are able to test. For such academics, science and commerce go hand in hand, as they are best poised to straddle the boundary between industry and academy. We find strong support, however, that scientists perceive the value of patenting differently, and the level of reputational importance placed on scientific compared to commercial achievements matters in shaping commercial involvement.     

The implications of academic enterprise for public science: An overview of the empirical evidence

Concerns have been raised that the growing emphasis on the commercial value of academic research may have negative, unintended consequences, notably that it may have a deleterious effect on the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge or on the open-ended nature of public science. These concerns have catalyzed an expanding set of empirical studies, the evidence from which is vast and mixed. We review this body of investigative work, teasing out some preliminary conclusions regarding the broader implications of academic enterprise and promising avenues for further research.     

Growing where you are planted: Exogenous firms and the seeding of Silicon Valley

What are the respective roles of indigenous and exogenous factors in the development of high-tech regions? Entrepreneurs and their start-ups have dominated Silicon Valley's economy in recent decades, but a different dynamic was at work from 1940 to 1965, when the Valley emerged as a formidable high-tech region. In key industries (electronics, semiconductors, computers, and aerospace) that defined Silicon Valley as a high-tech cluster during that period, companies based elsewhere played critical roles in planting the organizations that would - through the innovations they made, the technical talent they attracted, and the start-ups they spun off - help make the Valley the world's most admired and emulated high-tech region.     

芝加哥大学出版社学术期刊出版特色探析

关注芝加哥大学出版社的精品办刊理念,从芝加哥大学出版社学术期刊概况、期刊特点、期刊部组织架构、出版社与其他机构合作出版并提供期刊出版服务等方面探析其学术期刊出版特色。     

创业机会研究展望：基于文献计量的分析

通过文献计量对创业机会领域的现状加以分析并对未来研究前景做出预判.目前,创业机会领域研究的热点和前沿等尚缺乏实证的支撑,在创业机会理论框架下对创业机会研究文献进行梳理,并采用文献计量方法及可视化技术进行分析.结果表明,创业机会研究的学术关注度逐年攀升,创业机会领域基本建立作者和机构的学术共同体,机会识别是创业机会研究的热点,社会资本是机会识别与开发的核心解释变量,创业学习是创业机会研究的前沿领域,围绕创业资源的研究是创业机会领域的重点主题.最后针对创业机会未来的研究进行展望.     

高校学术不端行为与科研诚信建设研究

近几年,高等院校教师学术不端行为日趋增多,科研诚信缺失的现象也日渐严重.加强高校科研人员,特别是青年科研人员的科研诚信建设迫在眉睫.本文提出要遏制高校的学术不端行为,根本上还需要科研工作者自身修养的提高,才能够抵御外界的各种诱惑,才能耐得住寂寞.     

信息传播媒体对农村小学生学习成绩的影响——以电视、电脑和手机为例

利用大规模随机抽样调查数据,分析了农村小学生看电视、用电脑和手机等信息传播媒体对他们学习成绩的影响,发现周间和周末使用这些传播媒体对学习成绩影响不同。看电视可以满足他们的娱乐和信息需求,周末适量地收看电视节目与他们的学习成绩之间呈现正相关关系;由于电脑和手机在农村小学生手中只充当游戏机的功能,使用这些媒体的时间与他们的学习成绩之间存在负相关关系,并且使用这些媒体的时间和对学习成绩的影响在男女生之间存在显著差异。     

张琪玉索引学思想研究

张琪玉是我国最早关注、研究中国索引事业和索引学理论的学者。20世纪60年代初期和中期,他就关注书目检索工具问题,专门探索研究了“组配索引法”编制技术方法;20世纪80年代中期,主持编制出版了《中国图书馆图书分类法(第二版)索引》,开创了《中图法》编制分类法类目索引的先例;20世纪90年代到21世纪初,高度关注中国索引事业发展和索引学理论研究工作,并把索引学看成是情报语言学的一个重要应用领域展开了持续研究工作,为中国当代索引学创立与发展作出了重要理论贡献。本文从4个方面对张琪玉在索引学领域所取得的学术思想成就进行了较为清晰的揭示和梳理,目的就是要使他的学术思想、学术精神和学术造诣得到继承和发扬。     

基于信息生态链的学术电子书产业链信息协同服务研究

开展信息协同服务已成为学术电子书产业链服务发展的客观趋势。文章引入信息协同理论,在对学术电子书产业链服务现状进行信息协同服务角度评述的基础上,基于信息生态链视角提出产业链信息协同服务的三大要素基础,并探讨信息协同服务平台的构建原则、框架模式,进行相关实例分析,最后提出信息协同服务的促进策略,以期为提升和改善产业链服务效果,实现产业链主体和链体的效益最大化,进而推动产业链的可持续发展提供参考。