浅论钢结构防火保护措施

本文列举了钢结构的几种防火保护措施，并进行分析比较，找出其优点和缺点，找出各自存在的问题，为读者初步认识和选择钢结构的防火保护方法提供参考。     

Developing the classroom as a “figured world”

This article introduces an empirical analysis of the potentials and contradictions of a narrative playworld intervention aimed at changing the pedagogical practices of a Finnish mixed-age elementary school classroom in spring 2004. In the playworld, students and teachers explore different phenomena by taking on the roles of characters from a story and acting inside the frames of an improvised plot. The analysis is based on an understanding of school as a historically and culturally formed activity system. The playworld, on the other hand, is understood as a collective imagined and materialized figured world. The findings show that for the teachers, the main contradiction in the playworld was between keeping control and promoting student initiatives. For the students, the contradiction arose between the student role and that of agent in the playworld. However, the contradictions also created the main developmental potentials of the activity. That the playworld was not only a tool for transforming classroom work but a world in which to belong made it possible to sustain the activity and make it a regular part of classroom practices.

学习设计和学习管理系统的新发展

内容对象(ContentObject)和活动/过程对象(Activity/ProcessObject)是当前e-Learning关注的两大领域,基于后者展开的学习设计已成为e-Learning学习平台研究的热点和方向。本文首先剖析了目前主流的基于内容的学习管理系统的缺陷和不足,在此基础上阐述了学习设计(LearningDesign)的核心理念,即要“为学习而设计”,注重学习活动序列的建立和个性化学习路径的设计,而不仅仅是关注学习内容的创建,并简要分析了学习设计同教学设计的关系及其对学习管理系统的影响。随后重点介绍了作为学习设计重要标准的IMS学习设计规范的基本框架,并对当前国内外学习设计支持系统和工具做了简要的分析和对比,从中我们可以看出当前学习设计管理系统领域整体的发展现状和趋势。     

网络教学中的教与学

计算机和网络技术的进步为开展多形式的教学活动创造了广阔的空间,如何合理地利用各种技术为教学所用,与传统课堂教学相比出现了很多新特点.教师和学生必须熟悉和利用网络教学的这些特点和优势.     

活动理论的发展脉络与应用探析

活动理论是建立在马克思主义哲学基础上的心理学理论,是分析普遍存在于人类社会的各种活动的描述性理论。论文通过对国内外相关文献的研究,梳理出活动理论的发展脉络,分别分析了三代活动理论的代表人物和主要观点,并总结出活动理论的八个主要思想。最后,论文提出了分析活动的一般性框架,框架包括8个步骤和26个子步骤,并列出了各个子步骤应解决的问题,以期帮助人们深入理解活动理论,为人们分析活动提供一定的思路。     

青少年体力活动问卷中文版的修订及信效度研究

摘要：目的：修订中文版的青少年体力活动问卷（PAQ-A）,评估其信效度,为大样本的青少年体力活动提供测量工具。方法：选取125名13~14岁（男56人,女69人）健康青少年,间隔一周前后两次填写问卷,检验重测信度;招募47名（男17人,女30人）自愿佩戴加速度计者,佩戴7天后填写问卷,以Actigraph GT3X+加速度计为效标,进行效度检验。采用Cronbach`sα系数检验问卷的内部一致性信度,Spearman等级相关检验重测信度和效标效度。结果：第1次、第2次发放,问卷的内部一致性信度分别为0.82、0.85;删掉午休期间活动Q3前后,问卷重测信度从0.79增加到0.81,问卷稳定性良好。效度检验,问卷整体得分与加速度计计数值、中等到较大强度体力活动(MVPA)百分比均呈中度相关,相关系数r分别为0.48、0.39（P<0.05）;删去Q3后,相关系数分别为0.51、0.40（P<0.05）,且修订后问卷与加速度计的相关系数高于原文使用时的效度系数0.33。结论：修订后的PAQ-A问卷中文版具有可接受的信度和效度,可以用于大样本的中国青少年体力活动评估研究。     

Testing the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model: Fatness and Fitness as Enabling Factors

As the prevalence of childhood obesity increases, it is important to examine possible differences in psychosocial correlates of physical activity between normal weight and overweight children. The study examined fatness (weight status) and (aerobic) fitness as Enabling factors related to youth physical activity within the Youth Physical Activity Promotion Model (YPAP). Youth ages 9–11 years (N = 1,103) completed the Children’s Physical Activity Correlates survey and the Children’s Physical Activity Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships among variables. Overweight children reported lower scores on global self-esteem, perceived competence, attraction to physical activity, and parental influence (Cohen’s d ranging from .23 to .45 for girls; Cohen’s d ranging from .31 to .43 for boys). Weight status showed a small positive direct effect on physical activity (standardized path coefficient = .11), but did not show effects on psychosocial correlates (p > .05). Furthermore, aerobic fitness proved to be a stronger Enabling factor (standardized path coefficient = .26) than weight status within the YPAP model. Future research using the YPAP model may extend its utility as an evaluation framework for youth physical activity intervention studies.     

Using Activity Theory to explore the management of General Certificate of Education (GCSE) access arrangements

Access arrangements are the way in which awarding bodies for public examinations in England, such as the General Certificate of Secondary Education, make reasonable adjustments for students with special educational needs and disabilities. SENCos have expressed concerns about the onerous nature of managing requirements for access arrangements, both administratively and practically, but there has been little explanation of why an apparently straightforward process proves so challenging. In this study, the development of a whole-school system to improve the administrative and practical management of access arrangements is used to seek to understand how the requirements set (and re-set) annually interact with school systems and processes to render the administration of access arrangements potentially complex, time-consuming and unpredictable. Scotland's flexible, school-led framework of requirements for the management of public examination assessment arrangements is highlighted as potentially more fit-for-purpose for the organisation of statutory reasonable adjustments for educational assessment.