Who pays? Who benefits? Who decides?

This paper was presented at the symposium dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the publication of Patrons Despite Themselves: Taxpayers and Arts Policy (Feld et al. 1983), held by the Association for Cultural Economics International, Boston, June 2008. It considers alternative means of providing indirect tax-based state support of the arts, such as the use of tax credits as opposed to tax deductions for charitable contributions, matching grants, and support applied to specific projects. It also considers the problem of broad-based changes to tax policy that have unintended consequences for arts organizations.      

A Geohistorical Study of ‘The Rise of Modern Science’: Mapping Scientific Practice Through Urban Networks, 1500–1900

Using data on the ‘career’ paths of one thousand ‘leading scientists’ from 1450 to 1900, what is conventionally called the ‘rise of modern science’ is mapped as a changing geography of scientific practice in urban networks. Four distinctive networks of scientific practice are identified. A primate network centred on Padua and central and northern Italy in the sixteenth century expands across the Alps to become a polycentric network in the seventeenth century, which in turn dissipates into a weak polycentric network in the eighteenth century. The nineteenth century marks a huge change of scale as a primate network centred on Berlin and dominated by German-speaking universities. These geographies are interpreted as core-producing processes in Wallerstein’s modern world-system; the rise of modern scientific practice is central to the development of structures of knowledge that relate to, but do not mirror, material changes in the system.

Two games in town: a comparison of dealer and auction prices in contemporary visual arts markets

The article tests a couple of hypotheses relating to markets where demand is not taken as a given, but subject to sophisticated and encompassing price-building strategies. The study uses a data set that provides quoted dealer prices for medium-sized works of 100 leading visual artists from 1970 to 2004. These data are compared with auction price results for works by the same artists. The study reports significant discrepancies with respect to the relationship between the age of artists and prices paid for their works in the two markets, and with respect to general price developments in the two markets as measured by indices.

‘Salk Hops’: Teen Health Activism and the Fight against Polio, 1955 – 1960

In the late 1950s, a health charity, known as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (March of Dimes), organized American teens into volunteer divisions to fight polio, as well as tame adult anxieties surrounding juvenile delinquency. The alliance that developed permitted the NFIP to increase its influence and revenue, while granting teens an opportunity to assert their cultural power and challenge negative stereotypes. Although the NFIP nurtured and at times dominated the relationship, young volunteers joined for their own reasons and shaped the program to suit their own aspirations and interests.     

刑事案件上诉原因文本挖掘——基于二审文书数据

[目的/意义]从刑事二审案件裁判文书中挖掘上诉理由和相关影响因素,给法院和智慧量刑系统提供相关数据。[方法/过程]以北大法宝网近一年的刑事二审案件裁判文书作为基础数据,用信息抽取、word2vec训练词向量和聚类等文本挖掘方法对文本内容进行挖掘。[结果/结论]在传统的上诉理由之外,发现了基于上诉人自身态度的上诉理由。信息抽取、word2vec训练词向量和聚类等文本挖掘方法可用于裁判文书相关内容挖掘。     

数据故事化的评价与改进

[目的/意义]数据故事化评价是监控数据故事化过程、衡量其效果、保障和提升其质量的关键目前,国内外关于数据故事化评价的研究较少,本研究可为今后相关研究提供参考。[方法/过程]本文的评价方法分为基于过程的评价和基于结果的评价。其中基于过程的评价采用软件能力成熟度模型,将数据故事化划分为数据准备、数据分析、故事建模、故事描述和故事呈现五个阶段,并根据具体实施需要定义了过程评价的阶段参考特征和改进方向;基于结果的评价,则是以本文提出的基于结果的评价模型为基础,从受众和使用者视角对个人的接受度和持续接受度进行评价,最后以评价结果为依据提出了改进流程[结果/结论]本文提出的评价方法能够在一定程度上帮助组织在开发过程中把握产品痛点,提升开发能力。同时也可以解释和预测个人的接受意向,为下一步的营销推广活动提供依据。     

国家安全学科体系构建的内在逻辑与基本面向

[目的/意义]近年来,在教育部下发关于加强大中小学国家安全教育的文件以后,学术界有关国家安全学的研究呈现活跃之势,但其中对该学科理论体系构建的深入探究较为缺乏。[方法/过程]国家安全学作为一门新兴学科,“求理”的理论体系构建和“致用”服务国家安全实践方面的研究同样重要,二者应兼顾思考。从学科理论体系建设层面探讨国家安全学学科建设内在逻辑,既能为该学科的未来建设发展提供参考,也能给国家安全学提供新的理论契机。[结果/结论]具体而言包括分析该学科建构的理论基础,基于现实的基本面向和理论与实践结合层面的发展方向的深入思考,在此基础上指明了国家安全学科领域的相关研究既应立足本土,也需有全球视野,为国家治理体系和治理能力现代化承担责任。     

美国在网络主权问题上的立场变化及启示

[目的/意义]在网络空间这个新颖而又无处不在的领域中,主权原则如何运作一直是国家实践和学界理论研究中的硬核问题。厘清美国在该问题上的立场变化对我国参与网络空间国际治理具有积极意义。[方法/过程]利用历史分析法、文献研究法和对比分析法对美国《情报活动中的国际法律问题评估》(1999年)、《网络行动国际法塔林手册2.0》和《在军事行动中使用网络能力的国际法框架》(2017年)进行法律考察。[结果/结论]研究表明,为应对美国在网络主权问题上的立场转变,我国应坚持领土主权原则的拘束力,平等地尊重各国网络主权,并积极参与网络空间国际规则制定的实践,推动网络空间命运共同体理念的国际法构建。     

教育实践美的诠释

美是教育实践的一种深度,没有这种深度,实践将是贫乏和肤浅的.追求实践美的取向使教师始终怀有寻找精神家园的永恒冲动.了解教育实践美的标准和外显特征,使我们认识到教育实践的美是"真",是"善",是思维方式,是精神追求,是一种"诗性智慧",同时也是一种遗憾的美.目前教育实践美的探讨仅停留在"思想的童年时代".     

资源环境与城乡规划管理专业实践教学探讨

针对资源环境与城乡规划管理专业的特点,探讨实践教学改革的必要性,并提出了实践教学改革的初步设想。