法国农业现代化建设经验及启示

法国是农业现代化起步较早而且是比较成功的国家,法国农业现代化有一些成功的经验。学习和研究这些经验,对我国农业现代化建设有一定的借鉴意义。     

农用地分等中的土地利用系数计算

该文提出了农用地分等的土地利用系数"两步法"计算方法,该方法既能反映区域的土地利用实际水平和土地利用能力水平,又能反映土地利用中的经济关系.土地利用现实系数等于土地利用能力系数与农民利用意愿系数的乘积;其中土地利用现实系数等于作物的实际产量除以当地该作物的生产潜力;土地利用能力系数等于充分发挥利用能力下的作物产量除以当地该作物的生产潜力;农民利用意愿系数等于作物的实际产量除以充分发挥利用能力下的产量.应用C-D生产函数模型,建立了"两步法"土地利用系数统计模型.运用该统计模型对我国15个省(自治区)的土地利用系数进行估算的结果表明,全国各地土地利用实际水平最高的地区是经济发展水平处于中等偏上的地区,该地区农民利用土地的意愿较高;虽然经济发达地区的土地利用能力最强,但其农民利用意愿并非最高,从而导致其土地利用实际水平不是最高.     

河南省农产品物流体系构建对策研究

近年来河南省现代农业建设取得新进展,但农产品物流系统不完善,出现了农产品“卖难”和“买难”共存的现象.针对河南省农产品加工处理程度低、流通效率低、生产组织水平低、基础设施落后等问题,借鉴国内外经验,提出构建基于供应链的农产品物流体系,发展多元化农村市场流通主体等对策.     

《协大农报》与民国福建农业述论

《协大农报》是协和大学农学院教师在抗日战争期间,为了建设中国农村、争取抗战胜利和推广农学研究成果而创办的,它也确实起到了服务于福建农业生产实践、提高福建省农学科研水平和促进福建省农学科研队伍的成长的社会效果。     

A method to investigate agricultural information use by small‐scale Mauritian cattle keepers

Summary

A study of whether, and how, small‐scale cattle keepers in a selected village in Mauritius were managing information was conducted with respondents in 59 households. A qualitative approach was followed using ethnography based on direct and participant observation, in‐depth semi‐structured interviews and grounded theory. Postulated structures of information were used as a starting point for data collection to identify the actual structures, and associated management practices. An ‘OPI’ approach to respondents was followed, involving an outside ('O'), periphery ('P') and inside (T) approach. These were a succession of interactions of increasing depth. Triangulation gave to the responses more validity and reliability. Recording of data was done after the interviews and away from the households. Content analysis of the data established patterns, concepts and categories of structures to show how the information was being managed. The outcomes included new findings about aspects of financial management by these small‐scale and part‐time cattle keepers, of use to extension programmes. The method is suggested as a structured, formal process to guide extension workers or consultants in their understanding of the situations in which they work.     

Operationalizing Demand-Driven Agricultural Research: Institutional Influences in a Public and Private System of Research Planning in The Netherlands

Abstract

The trend towards demand-driven agricultural research has focused attention on the inclusion of farmers in research planning. Theoretically, this should enhance ownership and increase the applicability of research. However, in practice, several tensions emerge with regard to the operationalization of such ‘user-driven research planning systems’, and this paper aims to address these.

The paper analyzes a public and private research planning system by means of a comparative qualitative case study approach focusing on institutional aspects of research planning systems. While the systems have different approaches, the tensions are quite similar, dealing with the different and often limited perspectives on innovation of the actors involved, different progress monitoring and output evaluation criteria, and information asymmetries between the actor groups which influence there capacity to successfully act in the research planning system. The analysis prompts the importance of synchronizing perspectives on innovation and capacity building among all actors to enable them to successfully operate demand-driven research planning platforms.     

Farmers’ Learning Strategies in the Province of Esfahan

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate changes in farming and to look at how farmers adapt to diverse changes in and around their farms in the province of Esfahan, Iran. It is part of a larger project aimed at developing a job competency profile for agricultural extension instructors (AEIs). One hundred and two farmers who had previously followed extension courses in the province of Esfahan were interviewed. The findings demonstrate that a large number of farmers in the target group who are older, married, have low education levels, are smallholders and lack adequate job diversity on their farms. The study revealed that these farmers have experienced sluggish internal and external agricultural change, and they are generally more positive about internal changes than external ones. Respondents designated ‘extension courses’, ‘individual farm visits by official extension agents’ and ‘trial and error’, respectively as their three main learning strategies (LS) to help them adapt to the various changes. The results also indicate that older and more poorly educated farmers have more problems in adopting different LS.     

Knowledge Types Used by Researchers and Wool Producers in Australia under a Workplace Learning Typology: Implications for Innovation in the Australian Sheep Industry

Abstract

This paper reports on research into the learning aspects of adopting integrated parasite management practices for sheep (IPM-s) applying a workplace learning framework. An analysis of four primary data sources was conducted; a postal survey of Australian wool producers, a Delphi process with IPM-s researchers, focus groups and interviews with wool producers.

Researchers had a high expectation of conceptual and high level procedural knowledge for IPM-s, while wool producers had a tendency to rely on low- and high-level procedural knowledge for parasite management. Researchers also showed concern for disposition as it related to parasite management. Practices identified as potentially problematic for extension, included worm egg count testing (according to best practice), supplementary feed (specifically for worm management), selecting estimated breeding value-tested rams, weighing and monitoring body condition scores, and keeping written paddock histories.

This research provides significant empirical insights into the knowledge differences between researchers and producers that can affect how research is developed and communicated for the IPM-s project to facilitate behaviour change. The identification of some IPM practices as problematic for producers will also allow targeted extension for these practices.     

《农学报》与农事新闻传播

《农学报》创刊于晚清国人第一次办报高潮之际,作为中国第一份专业科技期刊,在汲取前人办刊经验的基础上。编辑进行了一系列突破性的探索。在农事新闻栏目中,从标题设置、报道范围、新闻选材、报道方式等方面均开创了独特的编辑思想和策略,对农事新闻在晚清社会中的传播效果起到至关重要的作用,奠定了《农学报》在农学史与期刊史上的标志性地位。     

浅谈中国农村物流业的现状与发展

我国农村物流作为一个新兴的产业,还处于起步阶段。近年来我国农村物流基础设施发展较快,但仍存在设施落后、专业化与社会化水平低、市场化程度低、政府宏观调控缺位等问题。针对我国农村物流的发展现状和存在的问题,本文就发展农村物流的现状与前景做出简单的分析与策划。