国内外农业信息化研究述评

国外农业信息化建设依靠大力推广应用信息技术,建立了完善的农业信息服务系统、健全的农业信息化政策法规,这些是我国农业信息化建设中值得借鉴的经验。本文在综合国内外农业信息服务体系和信息技术应用等方面的理论和实践研究的基础上,提出了有待进一步研究和建设的内容,旨在为发展我国西部农业信息化提供一定的借鉴和启示。     

Bioconversion of low quality lignocellulosic agricultural waste into edible protein by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pleurotus sajor-caju</Emphasis> (Fr.) singer

Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer was cultivated on selected agro wastes viz. cotton stalks, groundnut haulms, soybean straw, pigeon pea stalks and leaves and wheat straw, alone or in combinations. Cotton stalks, pigeon pea stalks and wheat straw alone or in combination were found to be more suitable than groundnut haulms and soybean straw for the cultivation. Organic supplements such as groundnut oilseed cake, gram powder and rice bran not only affected growth parameters but also increased yields. Thus bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass by P. sajor-caju offers a promising way to convert low quality biomass into an improved human food.     

工作在广袤的田野上生活在现代化的城市里——黑龙江农垦农村就地城市化及其启示

黑龙江垦区以农业科技创新为根本动力,以大规模机械化为手段,推进农业产业化和商品化,从而极大提高了农业的劳动生产率和财富贡献率,农业成为带动垦区工业、服务业及整个经济发展的核心产业。在此基础上,垦区以撤队建区为突破口,实现农村就地城市化。垦区提出的“工作在广袤的田野里,生活在现代化的大都市”这个豪迈的口号和目标,在理论上是对传统城市化理论的扬弃和创新,在实践上则是我国农村城市化进程中的又一伟大创举,对解决当前我国传统农业区农村城市化问题具有重要启示意义。     

构建和谐高校后勤的探索与实践

在高教改革和后勤改革进程中,如何构建和谐稳定的高校后勤是摆在后勤管理者面前的一个重要课题。从后勤文化建设、制度建设、队伍建设、外部环境建设四个方面进行构建和谐后勤的探索,总结出具有共性的实践经验。     

一类微分方程组正周期解的存在性

根据锥上不动点指数理论,研究了微分方程组正周期解的存在性。应用线性问题的第一特征值和拓扑度理论建立了其正解的存在性定理。     

高等农业院校农村科技服务发展战略选择

以态势分析(SWOT)定量分析为主要方法,综合运用层次分析法(AHP)、德尔菲(Delphi)专家打分法等方法,在分析与测评我国高等农业院校农村科技服务发展战略要素及其影响力度的基础上,构造战略四边形,绘制战略方向与类型谱系,确定战略模式。实证结果表明,我国高等农业院校的农村科技服务发展从总体上应该采取增长型战略(S0),选择实力型战略类型和积极进取战略模式;具体采取勇于担当服务使命、全力强化服务优势、积极优化服务方式和主动结成服务联盟等战略对策。     

我国农业区水资源-能源-粮食系统协调适配与农业产出——基于人力资本门槛效应的实证

基于2012—2016年我国40个农业区域的面板数据,在考虑人力资本差异的情况下,建立耦合评价模型和面板门槛模型,测度农业区水资源-能源-粮食(WEF)三大主要资源的协调适配程度,并以此为基础,探索WEF系统的协调适配对农业产出的影响。研究发现,(1)我国大部分农业区WEF系统处于临界适配区或耦合失谐区,整体上投入产出存在不匹配的现象,投入要素冗余严重,资源配置效率偏低。(2)WEF系统协调适配与农业产出存在双重门槛,只有当农业从业人员达到较高教育水平时,WEF系统的协调适配对农业产出呈现显著的促进作用。     

A blockchain-based framework of cross-border e-commerce supply chain

Blockchain technology provides us a new tool to solve the product traceability problem in supply chain management. This research focuses on the cross-border e-commerce context, to propose a blockchain-based framework, and develop a set of corresponding techniques and methods for achieving traceable products and transactions in supply chain management. A general blockchain-based product traceability framework is introduced. This framework is based on a cross-border e-commerce supply chain context, incorporating a series of blockchain-based models, including multi-chain structure model, data management model and block structure model. Several core methods and algorithms are also developed, such as information anchoring method, key distribution method, information encryption algorithm and anti-counterfeiting method. The framework, models and methods form a complete and comprehensive solution, which are evaluated by applying to several typical problems and attack cases. The case analysis results show that the framework, models and methods can successfully deal with key recover problem, and protect against clone attack, counterfeit tag attack and counterfeit product attack. The effectiveness, extendibility, security, implementation and governance issues of applying these solutions are also discussed. This research contributes to the theoretical and practical literatures on blockchain technology, cross-border e-commerce and supply chain management research fields.     

Business models shifts: Impact of Covid-19

No amount of crystal ball gazing may help us fathom the full impact of the Covid-19 (C-19) crisis on business organizations in a distinct manner. Given the lack of precedence, any such analyses seem to demand routine revisions as we progress further up the “number of infected” curve. Most countries of the world have imposed restrictions on social congregations or even people working in close proximity to each other. Industries that produce and deliver information products and services therefore, have continued to function while those that manufacture physical products especially labor-intensive firms were forced to minimize operations or temporarily shut down. However, in most countries, physical products which were essential in nature were reluctantly permitted to be manufactured given the need for them in people’s everyday life. In this viewpoint, I draw upon three dimensions – information intensity of product/service, information intensity of process/value chain; along with a third dimension – essential nature of the product/service to help understand the immediate implications of C-19. I also present some anecdotal evidences of attempts to alter business models in these circumstances in order to address the challenges that certain product characteristics impose but at the same capitalize on the business opportunities presented by the essentiality of the products.     

农户视角下的重要农业文化遗产价值与保护主体

社区视角的价值判断和行为决策逐渐成为遗产保护研究与实践的关注点。农业文化遗产是具有活态性特征的农业生产系统,也是一类特殊的保护地。农民是农业文化遗产的拥有者,对遗产价值的认知直接影响着参与保护的积极性和遗产系统的持续性。同时,农户视角下的农业文化遗产价值判断还是衡量其文化自觉和遗产保护成效的重要指标。本文提出以条件价值评估法（CVM）为手段、通过支付意愿及其影响因素反映农户视角下的遗产价值判断这一思路和方法,研究遗产保护过程中的农民文化自觉与遗产保护成效,并在全球重要农业文化遗产——江苏兴化垛田传统农业系统的核心区域进行可行性验证。案例研究显示,农户家庭保护支付意愿率仅为43.2%,家庭人口经济特征与对遗产的认知对是否有支付意愿及支付数额大小具有显著影响;无支付意愿家庭中61.6%认为遗产保护主体应当是国家和地方政府;农户的遗产认知得分较低,文化自觉性有限,保护成效尚未显著惠民。这些结果表明,遗产地在保护与发展方面取得显著成效的同时,也存在着农户认知度与参与度低的问题;有必要深入思考并科学界定“保护主体”及其保护途径,让农业文化遗产的多元价值更好地为农户所认知,使其真正成为农业文化遗产动态性与活态性保护的重要力量;条件价值评估法（CVM）可以支持社区视角的保护认知和成效研究。此外,考虑到中国许多保护地及国家公园体制试点区多有当地居民长期生活生产的现实,本文的思路与方法对于其他类型保护地和社区共管机制建设也有参考价值。