Entering the occupational category of ‘Farmer’: new pathways through professional agricultural education in Ireland

Purpose: Understand the emergence of new potential career trajectories in the liberalised Irish dairy farming sector through analysis of the narratives of students of a Professional Diploma in Dairy Farm Management

Design/methodology/approach: A review of the literature highlights that entry to a working life in agriculture has been characterised by protracted farm succession processes; a strong association between being a farmer and owning land in the family name; lingering male identities esteeming manual labour; and a pragmatic need at farm level for manual work. The abolition of milk quota in 2015 was predicted to catalyse expansion of production on dairy farms with an increase in milk production; accompanied by a demand for qualified personnel. The BNIM method was employed.

Findings: Results confirm that agricultural education is perceived and experienced as offering new pathways for young farmers to enter the occupational category of ‘farmer’, helping to manoeuvre around the constraints of non-inheritance. The students’ narratives evidenced managerial identities, being strongly influenced by encountering management approaches through their agricultural education. All students desired to eventually own a farm someday and to be to employed as a professional dairy farm manager was a perceived as an intermediary goal.

Practical implication: Discontinuation of the traditional family farming model based on family farm/land ownership is not imminent even among a cohort qualified to become employed dairy farm managers.

Theoretical implication: This paper contributes to theoretical framework which highlights the shift in farmer masculine identity and the career trajectory of graduates of specialised agricultural education programmes.     

烟台市农业综合生产力的评价

运用层次分析原理，建立农业综合生产力的评价方法；并以山东省烟台市为例，演示了该方法的实际应用程序，为区域农业生产力的发展与布局提供了科学依据．     

剩余数制在加法运算器设计中的应用

加法运算器是计算机芯片设计中最基本的单元之一，二进制普遍应用于计算机算术运算，该文分析了剩余数制构造原理，论证了在加法运算器设计中用剩余数制取代二进制的可行性及优点与出现的问题。     

浅析中国的农业外贸

中国即将加入WTO ,中国农业外贸将面临着更为严峻的挑战。因此 ,我们必须对我国农业外贸中存在的问题有一个准确而清晰的认识 ,分析产生这些问题原因 ,制定出应付措施 ,为增强我国农产品在世界市场上的竞争力探索一条有效途径     

Distributing and Showing Farmer Learning Videos in Bangladesh

Purpose: To describe the results of showing farmer learning videos through different types of volunteers.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Semi-structured interviews with volunteers from different occupational groups in Bangladesh, and a phone survey with 227 respondents.

Findings: Each occupational group acted differently. Shop keepers, tillage service providers, agricultural input and machine dealers reached fairly small audiences. Tea stall owners had large, male audiences. Non-governmental organisations and community-based organisations, reached more women. The cable TV (dish-line) operators showed the videos on local TV, but some were reluctant to do so again. The Union Information Service Centres showed the videos and reached women viewers. Half of the official government extension agents surveyed also showed the videos publically.

Practical Implication: This video featured maize, wheat and rice seeding machinery. Because the machinery is complex and requires hands-on training, this first video aimed to expose tillage and sowing service providers and farmers to the machinery, without trying to teach them how to use it. But some farmers were so interested that they watched the video many times to learn more about the equipment. Before farmers and service providers decide to buy machinery for direct seeding, they still want to see and learn from demonstration plantings, to examine first-hand how the crop behaves when planted with the new equipment.

Originality/Value: Video can be an effective way of sharing high-quality information with a large audience, if properly distributed.     

长江下游三省—市农业自然资源利用方向和发展对策

沪、苏、浙、皖三省一市,处于长江下游平原水网地区。并有丘陵、低山分布,属暖温带和北、中亚热带气候区,濒临黄海、东海,每年为国家提供大量农产品。要利用上海浦东开发、沿海、沿江城市开放的有利条件,通过改造中低产田,利用零星荒地,开发滩涂、水面,以高产、优质、高效农业为目标,加速发展优质稻、小麦、蚕丝、棉花、瘦肉型猪、水禽、海水鱼、对虾、茶叶、特种水果等农产品,满足国内人民需要,并增加外汇收入。     

企业盈余管理存在原因的理论分析

运用契约理论和信息不对称理论探讨了盈余管理产生的本质原因,分析了“契约摩擦”与“沟通阻滞”造成盈余管理现象的内在机理。契约摩擦”与“沟通阻滞”对盈余管理的影响并不是截然分开的,现实中的盈余管理现象往往是两种因素共同作用的结果。     

国内外农业信息化研究述评

国外农业信息化建设依靠大力推广应用信息技术,建立了完善的农业信息服务系统、健全的农业信息化政策法规,这些是我国农业信息化建设中值得借鉴的经验。本文在综合国内外农业信息服务体系和信息技术应用等方面的理论和实践研究的基础上,提出了有待进一步研究和建设的内容,旨在为发展我国西部农业信息化提供一定的借鉴和启示。     

Bioconversion of low quality lignocellulosic agricultural waste into edible protein by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pleurotus sajor-caju</Emphasis> (Fr.) singer

Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer was cultivated on selected agro wastes viz. cotton stalks, groundnut haulms, soybean straw, pigeon pea stalks and leaves and wheat straw, alone or in combinations. Cotton stalks, pigeon pea stalks and wheat straw alone or in combination were found to be more suitable than groundnut haulms and soybean straw for the cultivation. Organic supplements such as groundnut oilseed cake, gram powder and rice bran not only affected growth parameters but also increased yields. Thus bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass by P. sajor-caju offers a promising way to convert low quality biomass into an improved human food.