奥涅金：一代贵族青年的肖像

普希金的《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》以精湛的现实主义手法,成功地塑造了俄国文学史上第一个"多余人"形象.奥涅金是十九世纪二十年代开始觉醒而又找不到出路的贵族知识分子的典型.     

浅议职业技术培训如何瞄准农村富余劳动力

当前,抓好农村富余劳动力转移工作,政府应加强规范管理,保证转移培训工作落到实处,做到“信息统一服务、技术统一服务、管理统一服务”。另外,还应做好桥梁和牵头搭线工作,充分发挥职业技术学校、培训机构优势直接面对农村,选择科技含量高、适应市场需求的培训技能,真正提高农村劳动力人口素质,实现农村富余劳动力就业有序转移和稳定转移。     

Research capacity for local innovation: the case of conservation agriculture in Ethiopia,Malawi and Mozambique

Purpose: The limited uptake of improved agricultural practices in Africa raise questions on the functionality of current agricultural research systems. Our purpose is to explore the capacity for local innovation within the research systems of Ethiopia, Malawi and Mozambique.

Design/methodology/approach: Using Conservation Agriculture (CA) as a case study, we qualitatively explore with 26 locally based agricultural researchers the context of CA research and promotion, including their perceptions on persistent research gaps and issues in closing them.

Findings: Respondents identified that CA was not yet a finished product, with concerns regarding the benefit, feasibility and relevance of CA implementation. They asserted that while further adaptation was required, they were unable to do this due to institutional constraints within their research, extension and policy contexts.

Practical implications: We find that CA continues to be considered a donor-driven intervention in its current form and requires substantial further adaptation to local contexts before researchers will deem it ready for farmer uptake. The five research gaps identified by respondents highlight practical areas where further adaptations must occur.

Theoretical implications: Our findings suggest a lack of participatory research and extension most likely reflects limited financial, human and social capital to implement more participatory approaches. Without addressing these capacities, widespread adoption of complex farming systems change appears unlikely.

Originality/Value: Whilst many studies have identified a need for local innovation to enable CA utilisation, few have qualitatively explored directly with local researchers the capacity of such systems to do so. We address this gap in the literature.     

基于问题解决能力提升的林学专业森林培育学实践教学改革——以河北农业大学为例

实践教学是将课堂理论教学成果转化为大学生实践技能的有效途径。文章以河北农业大学林学专业“森林培育学”教学实习为例,在问题诊断的基础上,从规范实习指导书、调整培养理念、改变培养模式、调整实习模式、丰富评价机制等方面,对“森林培育学”课程教学实习进行了改革,收到了良好的教学效果,在思想认识、实习内容丰富度、解决问题能力等方面都有较大提升,可为我校林业专业技能提升、林业教育等方面提供借鉴。     

Multi-stakeholder process strengthens agricultural innovations and sustainable livelihoods of farmers in Southern Nigeria

Purpose: In this paper, we explore the strategic role of Multi-stakeholder processes (MSP) in agricultural innovations and how it has impacted livelihood assets’ (LAs) capital dynamics of stakeholders in platforms in West Africa.

Design/Methodology/Approach: We demonstrate how LA capitals and socio-economic dynamics induced by MSP can enhance cassava production efficiency but also create opportunities and challenges that influence platform dynamics and impacts. We use a multistage sampling procedure and sustainable livelihood model (e.g. stochastic frontier functions and Tobit regression) to analyse LA capital dynamics of the stakeholders.

Findings: We showed that the LA of the MSP participants (0.72) was found to be significantly higher (χ²?=?3.732, p?Practical implications: We recommend the institutionalization of MSP in the Agricultural Research for Development (AR4D) with more extension follow-up services so as to adequately and appropriately unleash the potentials in social capital networks that enable the development, effective dissemination and adoption of agricultural innovations.

Theoretical implications: This study suggests that soft-transfer of technologies seems to dominate at MSP inception. But at maturity, the results of the struggle between researchers and farmers would lead to co-reaction and community-based research. Consequently, the knowledge and power dynamics that take place within the MSP should be considered the centre of co-construction and platform dynamics.

Originality/Values: The study provided a practical experience on how MSP can be institutionalized in the AR4D programmes to support agricultural innovation systems and foster pro-poor growth and livelihoods.     

教育:解决"三农"问题的基石

农业、农民、农村问题是当代中国经济和社会发展的突出问题,其发展状况将在很大程度上决定现代化的发展进程。教育是解决“三农”问题的基石,是开发农村人力资源的重要条件,也是建设小康社会、构建和谐社会的重要内容。     

对农村剩余劳动力转移的障碍性分析及对策

农村剩余劳动力转移的障碍是多方面综合因素所致的结果,其最主要的客观现实因素有城市本身就业的压力和农村剩余劳动力自身素质因素两个方面.要解决农村剩余劳动力就业问题,既要采取外移又要采取内消等多种方式.     

唐后期两税三分制下的地方财政与救灾

唐后期两税三分制的实行使得中央与地方在财政上进行了利益分割。由于地方的财政包干制,使得地方财政能够利用两税收入、财政羡余,甚至还有私用钱和军资粮储参与救灾,在常平义仓的建设、赋税蠲免、灾害赈济等方面发挥了重要的作用。为了减轻灾害及救灾给中央财政带来的负担,唐中央政府也多次督促地方利用留使、留州财政进行救灾。地方财政参与救灾本身有中央政府与地方利益冲突的背景,但客观上也提高了地方救灾的主动性与效率,促进了唐后期地方经济的发展。但在唐后期两税三分制下的地方救灾也由于相应监督管理制度的废弛导致一系列问题的产生。     

对中国非正规部门就业的研究与思考

中国正面临日益严峻的就业形势,作为劳动力就业主渠道的正规部门吸纳劳动力的能力不断下降，而非正规部门，以其覆盖行业广泛、门类繁杂、就业形式灵活机动的特点，正成为吸收大量劳动力就业，缓解城乡就业压力的主力军，成为推动中国就业结构调整的重要力量。文章根据对中国非正规部门就业历史发展与现状的研究，总结出中国非正规部门就业的特点,并对有关问题提出了对策建议。     

农村剩余劳动力转移与农民增收

农民收入问题是“三农”问题的核心。增加农民收入的途径很多，由于湖北省是一个农业大省，人多地少的矛盾更加突出，农村剩余劳动力转移对湖北省农民增收的意义更加重大。文章分析了农村剩余劳动力转移对湖北省农民增收的影响以及转移湖北省农村剩余劳动力的对策。