布朗政府的高教改革:挑战与对策

布朗执政的近3年时间里,英国遭遇了二战后最为严重的经济衰退,经济危机导致英国高等教育陷入财政困境,英国大学毕业生失业率创新高,英国大学生针对高校的投诉增多等。面对严峻的挑战,布朗政府采取了包括严格限制招生、扩大就业机会、提高收费标准、加大资助力度、鼓励校企合作等积极的应对策略,为确保英国高等教育平稳发展创造了条件。     

从亚里士多德的悲剧观看布朗《维兰德》中的主人公

查尔斯?布鲁克登?布朗(charles Brockden Brown,1771-1810)是美国小说的开山鼻祖,<维兰德>(Wieland,1798)是布朗最重要的小说,选用书信体形式,用女性人物克拉拉·维兰德来叙事.克拉拉讲述了他们家的悲剧故事.这个悲剧的主人公西奥多·维兰德正是她唯一的哥哥.本文通过克拉拉对其哥哥维兰德悲剧的讲述,采用亚里士多德的悲剧理论,从"逆转、辨认和悲剧行为"与"性格悲剧"两方面入手对悲剧的主人公维兰德重新加以评析,来寻求布朗在悲剧创作上与亚里士多德悲剧观的契合之处.通过亚里士多德的悲剧理论来欣赏<维兰德>,无论在悲剧情节安排上还是在人物性格塑造上我们发现了它们之间有很多契合之处,这也是<维兰德>作为一部英语名著在美国文学中比较有地位的原因所在.     

对美国超级基金法的一点思考

环境问题日趋严重,成为制约经济发展和人们生活水平提高的一个重要问题,环境保护基金制度作为解决环境问题的一种经济手段在国外发挥着重要的作用,为我国解决环境问题提供了一种途径。本文选择了从美国的超级基金法入手探讨了美国超级基金在实践中的成功与不足,进而提出了在构建中国的环境保护制度时应该注意的问题和相应的解决方案。     

In the Ellison Tradition: In/Visible Bodies of Adolescent and YA Fiction

When Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man was published in 1952, he could not have known the impact his metaphor of invisibility would have on adolescent and YA literature. However, upon closer inspection, the importance and prevalence of his metaphor becomes evident. Authors of adolescent and YA literature routinely use the metaphor as an intertextual shortcut to discuss issues that shape adolescent subjectivity, which is demonstrated through an examination of Sapphire’s Push, Virginia Hamilton’s The Planet of Junior Brown, and Robert Cormier’s Fade.

Anti-allergic effects of ethanol extracts from brown seaweeds

Ethanol extracts of brown seaweeds from Pakistan and China were isolated and compared for their antiallergenic activities.They included Sargassum tennerimum (ST) and Sargassum cervicorne (SC) from Pakistan,and Sargassum graminifolium turn (SG),Sargassum thunbergii (STH),and Laminariajaponica (LJ) from China.The ethanol extracts of these brown seaweeds were optimized at 85% (v/v) ethanol for the maximum yield of phlorotannin,an inhibitor against hyaluronidase.Total phlorotannins contained in the crude extracts were measured as 1.71% (SG),0.74% (STH),0.97% (LJ),3.30% (SC),and 5.06% (ST).The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of Pakistani SC and ST were 109.5 and 21 μg/ml,respectively,lower than those of Chinese SG,STH,and LJ (134,269,and 148 μg/ml,respectively).An antiallergic drug,disodium cromoglycate (DSCG),had an IC50=39 μg/ml,and a natural inhibitor of hyaluronidase,catechin,had an IC50=20 μg/ml.The IC50 of ST extract was found similar to that of catechin (21 vs 20 μg/ml) and lower than that of DSCG (21 vs 39 μg/ml).This suggests that ST is a potent inhibitor of hyaluronidase,indicating a promising future development of natural antiallergic medicines or functional foods.     

“Our Leaders Are Us”: Youth Activism in Social Movements Project

In this article, we describe the development and implementation of a project, “Our Leaders Are Us: Youth Activism in Social Movements”, that we undertook with New York City high school students exploring events leading up to and following the Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Brown. As part of a 50th anniversary celebration of the Brown decision, we designed a series of three workshops that sought to extend urban students’ knowledge of Brown, segregation, and activism and to examine the roles of young people in critical civil rights campaigns. In addition, we discussed with students the ways in which young people can be involved in contemporary social movements and the strategies they can use to effect what they perceive to be needed changes in their lives. Along with the researchers’ extensive field notes, the participating students completed questionnaires throughout the project so that their understanding of Brown and related issues could be documented. Using our findings, we suggest ways that educators can develop and implement similar programs for use in schools.

Do Black Lives Matter?

This study employs content analysis to examine how the New York Times and St. Louis Post-Dispatch framed “Black Lives Matter” protests in the aftermath of the shooting of unarmed black teenager Michael Brown. The researchers examine all New York Times and St. Louis Post-Dispatch articles dealing centrally with the Michel Brown protests during three separate time periods corresponding to heavy protest activity. The coding scheme measured dominant frame direction, article length, sourcing, and mention of protester crimes. Contrary to expectations, the papers provided overwhelmingly sympathetic coverage of “Black Lives Matter” protests. In describing the protests, both newspapers were much more likely to employ a “positive” frame suggesting peacefulness and order than a “negative” frame suggesting lawlessness and deviance. Neither newspaper over-emphasized protester-perpetrated crimes, with both papers making relatively infrequent mention of looting, arson, assault, and gunfire, respectively. Importantly, both newspapers directly quoted protesters much more often than they quoted police officers and other government officials.     

在宗教的困惑中寻求生命的归依之路——《小伙子布朗》的创作主题解读

美国作家霍桑《小伙子布朗》中主要人物布朗的悲惨命运折射出僵化的清教教规及偏执的清教意识摧残人性、表里不一的本质。作家回归自然、讴歌纯朴真诚的创作主题则表明虚伪的宗教只能将人带入困惑迷茫的深渊，毁灭人性；只有热爱生活，理解人生的真谛，才能找到生命的归依之路。     

从《小伙子布朗)看霍桑小说创作的“原罪”主题

本通过对19世纪美国名浪漫主义小说家霍桑的短篇力作《小伙子布朗)的分析论述,向读介绍作家小说创作中反复出现的“原罪”主题。章指出,由于受加尔教清教意识的根深蒂固的影响,霍桑在其创作思想中深深打上了“人人皆有罪”的烙印,并向读展现了作家在此创作思想指导下如何去提示和刻画作品人物内心隐私的“恶”的写作技巧以及宣扬“罪恶是人的本性”的“原罪”主题。