论修辞策略的评价标准

修辞策略的评价标准,就是用来判别策略的成败得失和优劣高下的标准.能否正确认识、科学把握评价标准,标志着对修辞策略本质和规律的理解深度,以及驾驭、运用策略的水准,对修辞策略的理论建设和实际运用具有重要的意义.文章着重论述了修辞策略的三条评价标准:功利性标准、真实性标准、审美性标准.     

从《伪书通考》中考寻张心澂的辨伪学思想及贡献

张心澂以科学的严谨态度编著了我国辨伪学史上一部集大成之著作《伪书通考》，为后来的辨伪学研究带来了极深刻的影响。我们可从《伪书通考》中探寻到张心澂先生的辨伪学思想以及他对辨伪学作出的贡献。     

Authenticity in teaching and teachers’ emotions: a hermeneutic phenomenological study of the classroom reality

This study probed the conceptualization of authenticity in teaching and its link to teachers’ emotional life through critical emotional praxis because emotions are integral to discovering who we really are (McCarthy, E. D. 2009. “Emotional Performances as Dramas of Authenticity.” In Authenticity in Culture, Self, and Society, edited by P. Vannini, and J. P. Williams, 241–255. London: Ashgate). The participants were 20 Iranian university teachers. Data were collected using interviews, field notes, and observation and were analyzed through the lens of hermeneutic phenomenology. The results revealed that authenticity in teaching consisted of themes of being one’s own self, horizon of significance, and contestation resulted from the sense of responsibility, authentic relations, and de-constructive thinking which confirmed the dialogical nature of authenticity. The emotions connected to authenticity in teaching were Transition-Anger, love, and caring indicating that authenticity in teaching was a practice toward socially just teaching.     

真实学习:意义、特征、挑战与设计

真实学习的理论观点和实践主张强调学生通过解决真实世界的问题进行学习,从而逐步发展信息时代所需要的多种能力。真实学习涉及学习者面对的问题和任务、结果或者产品、环境和过程等多个层面的真实性,因而给学校教育情境中的实现带来了巨大挑战。为应对这些挑战,教师在教学设计和实施过程中,可以采用重构学习单元、聚焦核心知识的理解与建构、将真实活动结构化、设计清晰的支持系统等策略,设计真实学习活动和学习支持系统。通过分析人如何与现代信息技术共存,将为运用信息技术促进真实学习的实现及整个学校学习的革新提供基础。     

旅游真实性问题的思考——以民俗旅游为例

旅游真实性是旅游学术界从社会学的角度开展旅游研究的一个核心概念。国内外的旅游研究者均从真实性的某一侧面来探讨,或客观主义真实,或建构主义真实,或后现代主义真实,或存在主义真实,即从旅游主体或旅游客体开展研究。本文从系统论观点出发,认为旅游真实性应是一个真实性系统,该系统包括旅游主体真实、旅游客体真实和旅游媒体真实,且三者相互交织,并结合民俗旅游做了粗略的探讨。     

“1+X”证书制度建设对技术技能人才评价的挑战——世界技能大赛试题的启发

《国家职业教育改革实施方案》启动职业院校和应用型本科的"1+X"证书制度试点工作,这是我国证书制度建设的一次重要探索,对职业教育人才培养质量保证具有重要的影响,其成功实施的基础是高质量的技能考试。世界技能大赛是全球最具影响力的技能考试。分析发现,"世赛"试题具有采用反映典型工作任务的竞赛题目、真实性评价考试模式、分析性量规,以及主、客观评分相补充的评分标准等特点。这启发我们,在"1+X"技能考试的设计中,应全面理解当代社会"技能"的涵义,采用真实性评价设计策略,关注行动能力,并借鉴能力测评理论开发高质量情境性考试题目。     

Migrating facsimiles: When copies disappear from conservation control

A 2014 exhibition of Meriç Algün Ringborg at Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden, exploring identity and belonging involved the making of facsimiles. The installation included a sound work, booklets to be taken, and a book to be read. Exhibition copies were created of personal letters for open display which were not to be touched. Contrary to the artist's wishes, the work was constantly handled. Made for this one installation, the facsimiles transcended the exhibition and were returned with the work to the artist. The paper examines issues of authenticity and control from a conservation standpoint, and details discussions surrounding reproduction in contemporary art museum conservation practice.     

Authenticity matters: A digital ethnography of FIA World Rally Championship fan forums

In today’s landscape of sport coverage, the increased competition for attention begs the question of how to provide offerings tailor-made not only to people’s media consumption patterns, but also to their motivation for following a certain sport. This paper argues that digital ethnography provides a way to analyze views on media coverage of sport that promoters can make use of in attracting new consumers and keeping existing ones. By investigating two online forums where the television coverage of FIA World Rally Championship (WRC) from 2010–2013 was discussed, the most important thing to offer rally fans is not technical perfection and sanitized images, but explicit storytelling elements that are authentic—mirroring ‘what rallying is all about.’ This approach is believed to be applicable across a range of sports. Therefore as much stress is laid on the methods involved as on the specifics of this example. Along the way, strengths and weaknesses of this approach, these methods and these findings, are discussed.     

Hip-hop Realness and the White Performer

Hip-hop's imperatives of authenticity are tied to its representations of African-American identity, and white rap artists negotiate their place within hip-hop culture by responding to this African-American model of the authentic. This article examines the strategies used by white artists such as Vanilla Ice, Eminem, and the Beastie Boys to establish their hip-hop legitimacy and to confront rap music's representations of whites as socially privileged and therefore not credible within a music form where credibility is often negotiated through an artist's experiences of social struggle. The authenticating strategies of white artists involve cultural immersion, imitation, and inversion of the rags-to-riches success stories of black rap stars.     

Side by side: old and new standards in the conservation of modern art. A comparative study on 20 years of modern art conservation practice

Conservation of modern art has in the last 20 years developed from a singular case-by-case approach into a full and independent specialization in conservation with its own strategy, theory, and ethics. The methods applied today are both newly developed and partly a continuation of traditional conservation standards. New is the special focus on the artist and his intent, and on the defining of the various artistic concepts, as these elements and the artist as a stakeholder, play decisive roles in decision-making on optional treatment interventions. Challenging new materials (plastics, light, food, kinetic art, or re-used objects) require ongoing research to formulate specific instructions, and special designed guidelines for conservation, putting a new perspective on collections care. As contemporary art may be produced by the artist, by assistants or industry, and can be made of artists' materials, anything from the hardware store, re-used or reworked objects or intangible elements, the reassessing of definitions on authenticity and originality eventually lead to the reformulation of standard rules on retouching, reversibility and in particular reconstruction. Thus new conservation strategies have been designed for various types of contemporary art, where applicable built from old standards.