“十四五”我国竞技体育发展的时代背景与创新路径

“十四五”时期我国竞技体育发展面临复杂多变的国内外环境,科学研判新阶段面临的新形势,对于统筹谋划竞技体育发展布局,加快形成新发展格局,推动竞技体育实现高质量发展具有现实意义。研究立足“十四五”时期我国竞技体育发展面临的新环境、新形势,全面剖析了竞技体育发展面对的新问题、新要求,深度阐释了竞技体育发展的新机遇、新挑战,系统提出了竞技体育发展的新思路、新举措。研究认为,“十四五”时期我国竞技体育要立足两个发展大局、统筹两个前所未有、应对两个变化趋势,要积极顺应经济社会发展新趋势,更好地服务新阶段国家战略大局;要以问题为导向、以规划为引领、以改革为动力、以质量为核心、以创新求发展,加快转变发展方式,主动融入国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。研究提出,“十四五”时期要打造竞技体育多元协同治理新体系,形成竞技体育与经济社会融合发展新局面,塑造竞技体育项目均衡协调发展新格局,构架竞技体育多元人才培养新模式,建立竞技体育科学化智能化发展新平台。     

SNX14 deficiency-induced defective axonal mitochondrial transport in Purkinje cells underlies cerebellar ataxia and can be reversed by valproate

Loss-of-function mutations in sorting nexin 14 (SNX14) cause autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 20, which is a form of early-onset cerebellar ataxia that lacks molecular mechanisms and mouse models. We generated Snx14-deficient mouse models and observed severe motor deficits and cell-autonomous Purkinje cell degeneration. SNX14 deficiency disrupted microtubule organization and mitochondrial transport in axons by destabilizing the microtubule-severing enzyme spastin, which is implicated in dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia with cerebellar ataxia, and compromised axonal integrity and mitochondrial function. Axonal transport disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction further led to degeneration of high-energy-demanding Purkinje cells, which resulted in the pathogenesis of cerebellar ataxia. The antiepileptic drug valproate ameliorated motor deficits and cerebellar degeneration in Snx14-deficient mice via the restoration of mitochondrial transport and function in Purkinje cells. Our study revealed an unprecedented role for SNX14-dependent axonal transport in cerebellar ataxia, demonstrated the convergence of SNX14 and spastin in mitochondrial dysfunction, and suggested valproate as a potential therapeutic agent.     

Modern foreign language learning and European citizenship in the Irish context

This paper presents some of the findings of a study investigating young people's attitudes towards Europe and the European Union and their self-reported learning about European citizenship in Ireland. The paper considers adolescents’ attitudes and motivations for language learning in light of recent literature arguing for the role of modern foreign language instruction in the teaching of European citizenship. Findings based on the results of a knowledge test regarding the rights and opportunities offered through European citizenship are also included. Data provide evidence that Irish students possess more knowledge than their counterparts in England, Spain and France on the subject, while showing more positive attitudes than other students. The paper considers the contribution of modern foreign language teaching to this knowledge and their positive attitudes, drawing some possible inferences for other European member states.     

Intellectual property rights,trade agreements,and international trade

The global process of strengthening and harmonization of intellectual property rights (IPRs) systems has been intensified in the last twenty five years by the signing of trade agreements (TAs) that include chapters with intellectual property (IP) provisions and other trade-related issues. This paper provides a first exploration of whether and how the signing of TAs with IP chapters influences bilateral trade flows for a balanced panel of 110 countries and the period 1995–2013. We address methodological issues related to the assessment of the effect of TAs on bilateral trade. We use matching econometrics to evaluate the treatment of TAs with and without IP chapters. In addition, we estimate the effects of TAs on bilateral trade in a more dynamic fashion using a panel data approach based on the gravity model. Also, we perform our analysis for trade in low- and high-IP intensive products. We found that both types of TAs increase bilateral trade but TAs with no IPRs chapters have a stronger positive effect on trade. However, if we include lags to consider that TAs with IP chapters might need a longer implementation time, the net expected increase on trade is similar for both types of TAs. We also found that the effects depend on the development level of countries and on the IP intensity of products. We found a clear positive effect for developed countries, but we do not observe important gains for developing countries in all sectors and to all destinations derived from TAs with IP chapters. This raises the question of whether trade gains can compensate the effort related with IP reforms.     

Innovation intermediaries and collaboration: Knowledge–based practices and internal value creation

This paper analyses how knowledge-based practices adopted by innovation intermediaries enable them to generate value for themselves when collaborating with their clients. While the literature focuses on value creation for their client organisations, little is known about how innovation intermediaries create internal value even though this is essential for ensuring their long-term survival and sustaining their key facilitating role in the innovation system. This understudied issue is explored using empirical evidence from a sub-set of innovation intermediaries, Research and Technology Organisations (RTOs). The results indicate that by capitalising on existing knowledge vested in employees and collaborators as well as understanding and shaping the knowledge base of the innovation ecosystem, innovation intermediaries generate internal value from their involvement in collaborative innovation, which range from different financial to non-financial types of value. Implications for intermediaries, their collaborators and for policymakers are then discussed.     

Societal trust and open innovation

While open innovation provides a new paradigm to sustain a firm’s competitive advantage, opening up to external knowledge also entails substantial risks of appropriation and opportunism. Building on this “open paradox” framework, this study investigates whether societal trust—a key aspect of informal cultural norms—serves as an effective mechanism in improving relational governance among partners, thereby leading to better collaborative outcomes. Using a novel panel data on co-owned patents across 29 countries, we show that firms in high trust countries are able to produce a higher level of joint output (i.e., co-owned patents). This effect is more pronounced when perceived opportunism is higher (i.e., firms in high-tech industries, or in countries with less disclosure transparency), and when formal contracts are less enforceable (i.e., in countries with relatively weak legal systems). We further show that open innovation is the channel through which societal trust promotes innovative efficiency. Overall, our study establishes societal trust as a key factor in influencing the efficiency of open innovation.     

利比:考古学时钟的发明及科学方法研究

历史地回顾了利比发明放射性碳素年代测定法的过程,运用科学认识和方法论探讨了其方法特点,对于未来科学研究具有积极的促进作用．     

Technology adoption, training and productivity performance

Advanced technologies are commonly thought to be complementary to skills. Firms that adopt new technologies (for example, computer-aided design and control) and at the same time invest in skills (for example, training in computer literacy and technical skills) are expected to realize greater productivity gains than those that do not. To validate this expectation, this paper first identifies the combinations of technologies and types of training that are commonly undertaken by firms, presumably as part of their strategies to effectively utilize the adopted technologies and to improve their economic performance. This paper then estimates the relationship between these common technology-training combinations and productivity performance. It shows that these combinations are associated with higher productivity.     

中国队征战第14届世界男子篮球锦标赛技术统计与分析

通过对第14届世界男子篮球锦标赛中国队比赛的技术统计，分析了中国男子篮球队在年龄、身高、进攻、防守、投篮、中锋、前锋、后卫几方面与征战队进行比赛的效果和差距，据此提出相应的建议。     

第14届世界女子篮球锦标赛中、外女子篮球队后卫运动员技术统计数据比较研究

采用技术统计、数据分析和归纳整理等方法 ,对我国女子篮球队后卫与第 14届世界女子篮球锦标赛前 4名队后卫运动员的各项技术指标进行对比分析 ,认为中国女子篮球队后卫运动员得分能力不强导致进攻能力下降 ,防守的灵活性和有效性不够。应加快优秀后卫运动员的培养 ,相应地提高后卫运动员的攻击意识和攻击能力 ;加强后卫运动员与前锋、中锋运动员之间的配合 ,提高防守技战术变化的协同性