Introduction to the special issue on teaching and learning in information retrieval

We present an overview of the special issue in this paper. The main objective is to provide information for lecturers on how to improve the student experience, using current knowledge in the field. To this end we present an overview of six papers covering areas as diverse as tools and methods used to support teaching and learning, pedagogical challenges in teaching mathematics for search, etc.     

语言知识在日语听力理解策略运用中的重要性

针对目前如何有效提高日语听解能力的问题,本文结合心理语言学的研究成果,分析语言知识在日语听力理解学习策略运用中的重要性。认为应加强日语单词听觉词汇的记忆,培养有效切分句群的能力,并把握日语篇章标志语、类型结构及日语陈述副词,做出有效预测,从而提高提高日语听解能力。     

基于学习共同体的《教育技术学导论》——课程设计初探

文章简要地分析了教育技术导论课程的特点及其在目前的教学中存在的问题,提出以学习共同体作为学习组织形式开展教学,既可以丰富课堂教学形式,也能通过师生及同伴之间的互动,促进学习者独立思考,逐步建构自己对教育技术的理解。     

发现学习与接受学习的比较

发现学习和接受学习是当前世界教育两种都有很大影响,但观战相左的学习类型,这两类学习的性质、思维过程、适用对象有所不同,对智力发展和认知能量的增长所起作用也不完全相同,教师应根据教学实际指导学生灵活运用。     

对分课堂：大学课堂教学改革的新探索

针对当前高校课堂存在的主要问题,结合讲授式课堂与讨论式课堂的优点,提出了名为"对分课堂"的课堂教学改革新模式。其核心理念是分配一半课堂时间给教师讲授,另一半给学生讨论,并把讲授和讨论时间错开,让学生在课后有一周时间自主安排学习,进行个性化的内化吸收。对应的考核方法强调过程性评价,并关注不同的学习需求。试点教学表明,对分课堂有效增强了学生学习的主动性,教学效果良好。对分课堂有可能是一种适合中国国情的高校课堂教学模式,值得进一步尝试和推广。     

Is academic tracking related to gains in learning competence? Using propensity score matching and differential item change functioning analysis for better understanding of tracking implications

This study analyzes gains in cognitive components of learning competence with respect to cohorts based on ability tracking in a Czech longitudinal study. Propensity score matching is used to form parallelized samples of academic and non-academic track students and to eliminate the effect of selective school intake. We applied regression models on the total scores to test for the overall track effect. Furthermore, we analyze scores and gains on the subscores and check for differential item functioning in Grade 6 and in change to Grade 9. While after 3 years, no significant difference between the two tracks was apparent in the total learning competence score, we did, however, find significant differences in some subscores and in the functioning of some items. We argue that item-level analysis is important for deeper understanding of the tracking implications and may provide the basis for more precise evidence-based decisions regarding the tracking policy.     

Learning design and learning analytics in mobile and ubiquitous learning: A systematic review

Mobile and Ubiquitous Learning (m/u-learning) are finding an increasing adoption in education. They are often distinguished by hybrid learning environments that encompass elements of formal and informal learning, in activities that happen in distributed settings (indoors and outdoors), across physical and virtual spaces. Despite their purported benefits, these environments imply additional complexity in the design, monitoring and evaluation of learning activities. The research literature on learning design (LD) and learning analytics (LA) has started to deal with these issues. This paper presents a systematic literature review of LD and LA, in m/u-learning. Apart from providing an overview of the current research in the field, this review elicits elements of common ground between both communities, as shown by the similar learning contexts and complementary research contributions, and based on the research gaps, proposes to: address m/u-learning beyond higher education settings, reinforce the connection between physical and virtual learning spaces, and more systematically align LD and LA processes.     

基于经验学习理论的我国开放大学先前学习认定实践的反思

随着高等教育的普及和终身学习理念的传播,英美等国开始对学习者的先前学习成果进行评价并为其提供相对应的教育课程和学分,逐步形成了各自的先前学习认定模式。我国开放大学也已经开始在小范围内开展先前学习认定的实践探索,但由于缺乏理论指导,存在着诸多问题和困难,急需对已开展的先前学习认定的实践进行梳理和反思。基于“经验学习理论”对开放大学先前学习认定实践中的核心问题进行回应和反思,是解决实践中存在的困惑和问题,推动我国开放大学先前学习认定实践进一步开展的重要依据,也为我国构建学习型社会提供实践参考。     

Do students learn what they teach when generating teaching materials for others? A meta-analysis through the lens of learning by teaching

Students can generate teaching materials for others. However, solid evidence of the learning effect for the student creating the material is needed. This meta-analysis aims to explore current evidence of the learning-by-teaching potential effect on students’ learning of the content they teach. A total of 23 articles were included in the meta-analysis, providing 62 comparisons between an intervention in which students were required to create a teaching material and an alternative condition. Possible moderators were examined as well (i.e., product, educational level, content area, and access to source material). Results show statistically significant differences in favour of creating teaching materials when compared to business-as-usual or alternative interventions, with an overall effect of 0.17. However, the type of product and the access to source material significantly moderate the findings. Audio-visual and visual materials considerably outperform textual materials. Having no access to the source material is better than having full access to it. No publication bias was detected. However, the type of control group moderates the findings: creating teaching materials shows a significant effect when compared to nonbeneficial interventions rather than to other expected beneficial interventions. Nonbeneficial interventions refer to business-as-usual or alternative interventions that are not expected to influence the outcome much, while beneficial interventions are those that are known or expected to have a positive effect. The findings are discussed based on the different views on the underlying learning-by-teaching mechanisms. Limitations as well as implications for practice, policy, and future research are underlined.     

泛化背景下大学生学习行为数据壁垒破解研究

基于相关文献回顾,认为在数字技术背景下,大学生学习行为泛化趋势明显,带来了促进学习内容多样化的正面影响以及割裂学习连续性,减低学习内容深度的负面影响。通过问卷调查,得出“当前学习行为数据壁垒是阻碍潜在数据利益实现”的结论,并提出从“打破数据割据、连通数据孤岛和规范合理使用数据”三个方面整合数据的建议。