George Wallis (1811–1891) and Ernest Beinfeld Havell (1861–1934): Juxtaposing Historical Perspectives on Nineteenth‐Century Drawing Books in England and India

Drawing books can be seen as a vital component to teaching and learning art. They serve as an excellent resource for understanding the historical context of teaching drawing. As the industrial revolution geared forward in the nineteenth century, drawing books became a crucial source for sharing and disseminating educational philosophies for the teaching of drawing as well as understanding artistic practices. Serving many informal and traditional educational contexts, drawing books can be seen as evidence of how people learned or were taught. Although many accounts of teaching of drawing are known, little is documented about the many drawing manuals developed by art educators in England and its colonies, specifically India. This article examines nineteenth‐century drawing books by George Wallis (1811–91) and Ernest Beinfeld Havell (1861–1934) and the subsequent influence of these books on art education in England and India. Through comparison between the different approaches of authoring these drawing books, one could argue that both Havell and Wallis pursued nationalistic and personal goals by juxtaposing the authoring styles of their books. It was evident that George Wallis’ authorship of his drawing books was grounded in his philosophy of education, appreciation for design education, and dedication to England. Havell's drawing books, on the other hand, attempted to provide students with the knowledge of Indian sculpture, architecture and painting thereby exposing them to India's artistic heritage as well as raising awareness about utilising Indian art as the basis of instruction at the Indian art schools as part of the larger Indian nationalist movement against British rule. Their histories cumulatively bring to print a specific account of drawing manuals used during the nineteenth century and their influence on the teaching and learning of drawing in England and India.     

基于C/S＋B/S体系架构的ERP系统开发

对C/S体系架构和B/S体系架构进行了比较,分析了C/S＋B/S软件体系架构的优点.以某一企业的ERP为例,采用C/S＋B/S软件体系架构进行了软件的开发与设计,将COM＋组件技术和ActiveX技术分别应用在服务器端和客户端,从而使开发的软件应用系统高效、安全.     

基于Web的远程考试系统的设计与实现

文章阐述了B／S模式下的远程考试系统的特点,提出了基于Web的考试系统的总体结构,分析了系统实现的功能。重点研究和实现了考试系统的试题管理、自动组卷与智能评卷模块,并设计了相应的解决方案。     

基于B/S结构的OA系统架构实现

现代企业和学校中B/S结构的OA应用越来越广泛,应用ColdFusion作为B/S的服务器端技术,提出了一个基于B/S结构的软件架构实现方案。     

基于B/S模式的函授教育CAI课件设计的原则和工具

针对函授教育教学特点,提出了函授教育CAI课件的设计原则,并对B/S模式下多媒体课件开发工具作了比较和选择。     

基于B/S组件的学生信息综合管理系统的研究

针对目前高校学生信息综合管理现状,本文提出基于B／S的组件技术来分析和设计学生信息综合管理系统（SIMS）,较好地解决了高校学生管理信息的分散采集、综合利用、统一管理、资源共享等问题,提高学生信息综合管理的效率。     

南茜奥尔森的工作

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Effect of Certain Antibiotics Against Filarial Parasite <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brugia malayi</Emphasis> In Vitro: Possible Role of Oxidative Stress

WHO-Tropical Disease Research scheme highlighted the need for development of new anti-filarial drugs. Certain antibiotics have recently been found effective against Wolbachia, co-existing symbiotically with filarial parasites. Inflammatory response entails oxidative mechanism to educe direct anti-microbial effect. In the present study microfilariae were maintained in vitro in medium supplemented with varying concentrations of tetracycline, doxycycline (20–100 μg/ml) or ciprofloxacin (50–250 μg/ml) separately to find out any involvement of oxidative mechanism in the anti-filarial effect of these antibiotics. Loss of motility of the microfilariae was measured after 48 h and correlated with the levels of MDA, nitric oxide and protein-carbonylation. Significant loss of microfilarial motility was recorded with increasing concentration of tetracycline and doxycycline but with ciprofloxacin the effect was not marked. Agents with high antifilarial activity revealed significant association with oxidative parameters in a dose dependent manner. The result suggests that oxidative effect might be exploited to design novel antifilarial drug candidate.     

Rapid Detection of Mutation in RRDR of <Emphasis Type="Italic">rpo B</Emphasis> Gene for Rifampicin Resistance in MDR-Pulmonary Tuberculosis by DNA Sequencing

To detect the site of mutation in RRDR of rpo B gene for rifampicin resistance in MDR-TB by DNA sequencing. 50 MDR-TB patients were enrolled in our study after informed written consent. Mycobacterial DNA was extracted from sputum samples by Universal Sample Processing (USP) method and RRDR of rpo B gene was amplified by PCR using primers RP4T and RP8T and then sequenced by automated DNA sequencing. The nucleotide sequences of RRDR of rpo B gene were compared with the reference sequence. We observed three different types of mutation in the RRDR of rpo B gene. The frequency of mutation in codon 531 (TCG → TTG), 526 (CAC → TAC) and 516 (GAC → GTC) are 60, 26.6 and 6.6% respectively. Of the total cases studied, 6.6% cases, although resistant to rifampicin, did not show any mutation in the RRDR of rpo B gene. Codon 531 (TCG → TTG) is the most common site of mutation in RRDR of rpo B gene for rifampicin resistance in MDR-pulmonary tuberculosis followed by codon 526 (CAC → TAC) and codon 516 (GAC → GTC).     

基于AT89C51的温度测量与显示系统

基于AT89C51单片机控制的温度测量与显示系统,采用单总线数字式温度传感器DS18B20,通过汇编语言开发软件程序,可实现温度采集、显示等功能。