农村科技特派员制度视域下“科技兴农”的逻辑框架与模式

不同于“合作社+小农户”、“公司+小农户”等工商带动型的脱贫模式,科技特派员制度下的“科研人员+合作社+小农户”等路径显现了科技和产业带动的双重效应。在科技特派员制度下,“科技兴农”显示了科技创新、市场培育和素质提升的“研究—扩散—衔接”逻辑框架,联结科技与市场协同创新对小农户的带动具有明显的效应。从农业推广绩效和影响角度来说,运用科技特派员制度中蕴含的经济性内涵脱贫模式与路径,对促进农业生产力的变革和发展,建立可持续发展的农业经济,以及对小农户衔接农业现代化有直接影响和作用。     

企业技术创新风险分析

实践证明,技术创新风险越来越成为我国工业企业技术创新的障碍.本文分析了企业技术创新风险的来源,讨论了企业技术创新风险管理的主要内容,并对企业技术创新风险评价问题进行了详细探讨.     

学术特刊出版的主题策划与质量控制——《科技导报》“屠呦呦荣获诺贝尔奖特刊”探析

【目的】探索围绕重大科技事件高效出版学术特刊,有效提升期刊的新闻性及社会影响的策略。【方法】 以《科技导报》出版“屠呦呦荣获诺贝尔奖特刊”为例,阐述了特刊的出版策略：结合社会舆论热点策划选题,将科技事件外延,拓展选题思路;借助主办单位、编委、编辑等力量全方位组约稿;突破学术期刊框架,重视版面设计,加强整体包装;利用专家库、自身网站、博客资源,结合新媒体手段对刊物进行宣传推广。【结果】 针对重大科技事件组织特刊,能够增加主题内容的集中度,顺应社会热点的关注度,扩大科技期刊的影响力。【结论】 《科技导报》“屠呦呦荣获诺贝尔奖特刊”为响应科技事件的快速出版提供了一定经验和借鉴。     

政府在中小企业创新中的功能定位比较分析

中小企业创新在世界各国经济发展中起着举足轻重的作用,各国政府对中小企业创新扶持力度和扶持角度各不相同,中国的中小企业创新起步较晚,如何让中小企业尽快发展起来,政府在扶持中小企业发展中的定位问题很关键。本文在比较西方各国做法的基础上,希望我国政府在对中小企业创新管理上定位适当,为企业打造良性发展的平台。     

Environment and Policy Factors Shaping Global E-Commerce Diffusion: A Cross-Country Comparison

This article examines the key global, environmental and policy factors that act as determinants of e-commerce diffusion. It is based on systematic comparison of case studies from 10 countries--Brazil, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Mexico, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States. It finds that B2B e-commerce seems to be driven by global forces, whereas B2C seems to be more of a local phenomenon. A preliminary explanation for this difference is that B2B is driven by global competition and MNCs that "push" e-commerce to their global suppliers, customers, and subsidiaries. This in turn creates pressures on local companies to adopt e-commerce to stay competitive. In contrast, B2C is "pulled" by consumer markets, which are mainly local and therefore divergent. While all consumers desire convenience and low prices, consumer preferences and values, national culture, and distribution systems differ markedly across countries and define differences in local consumer markets. These findings support the transformation perspective about globalization and its impacts. In terms of policy, the case studies suggest that enabling policies such as trade and telecommunications liberalization are likely to have the biggest impact on e-commerce, by making ICT and Internet access more affordable to firms and consumers, and increasing pressure on firms to adopt e-commerce to compete. Specific e-commerce legislation appears not to have as big an impact, although inadequate protection for both buyers and sellers in some countries suggests that mechanisms need to be developed to ensure greater confidence in doing business online.     

普通高校学报零被引论文分析及应对措施——以《天津职业技术师范大学学报》为例

【目的】分析普通高校学报零被引论文产生的原因,为提升普通高校学报办刊质量和学术影响力提出对策建议。【方法】 采用文献计量方法,从作者群特征、学科分布、基金项目情况等对《天津职业技术师范大学学报》发表年限为6～10年的零被引论文进行统计与分析。【结果】作者群方面,零被引论文作者呈现年轻化、学术影响力偏低等特征;学科分布方面,零被引论文多来自非优势学科;项目资助方面,零被引论文获得的项目资助较少且层次较低。【结论】来稿质量难以保证、传播形式单一以及引用偏好和规范等问题,都导致普通高校学报零被引现象的产生。因此,应当通过丰富和优化稿件来源、提升稿件规范性、开辟多元化宣传推广途径、加强软硬件建设等方式,提升普通高校学报的综合实力和学术影响力,推动其良性发展。     

全要素生产率、技术引进与R＆D投入

在现有文献的基础上，借助CES生产函数，依据中国改革开放以来的具体数据，运用非线性最小二乘法进行实证分析，得出以下结论：技术引进和R＆D投入虽然大大增加了我国技术知识存量，但并没有有效地转化为全要素生产率的提高。技术引进和R＆D投入之间的比例不合理，表现出重引进，轻研发。我国急需要加大R＆D投入，以增强经济发展的后劲。     

从智能建筑的兴起谈信息技术在酒店中的应用

智能建筑是随着计算机技术、通信技术、自动控制技术和图形显示技术的进步和融合而逐步发展起来的。酒店建筑作为楼宇建筑中的重要组成部分,信息技术在酒店中的使用已经突破了以计算机为主体的电算化系统,应用于各个领域,给酒店业带来经营管理各方面的巨大变革。     

The role of academic technology transfer organizations in improving industry science links

The transfer of scientific and technological know-how into valuable economic activity has become a high priority on many policy agendas. Industry Science Links (ISLs) are an important dimension of this policy orientation. Over the last decades, multiple insights have been gained (both theoretical and empirical) as to how “effective” ISLs can be fostered through the design and the development of university-based technology transfer organizations (TTOs). In this paper, we document and analyze the evolution of “effective” university-based technology transfer mechanisms. We describe how decentralized organizational approaches and incentives that stimulate the active involvement of the research groups in the exploitation of their research findings might be combined with specialized central services offering intellectual property management and spin-off support. More particularly, we analyze how the creation of:

(1)

an appropriate balance between centralization and decentralization within academia;

(2)

the design of appropriate incentive structures for academic research groups;

(3)

the implementation of appropriate decision and monitoring processes within the TTO

has brought about critical elements in fostering an “effective” commercialization of the academic science base.     

Battles for technological dominance: an integrative framework

This paper proposes an integrative framework for understanding the process by which a technology achieves dominance when “battling” against other technological designs. We focus on describing the different stages of a dominance battle and propose five battle milestones that in turn define five key phases in the process. We review the literature from several disciplines to identify the key firm- and environment-level factors that affect the outcome of a technology battle and posit that the relative importance of each factor will vary depending on the phase considered. Our framework complements and extends existing literature and has implications both for theory and for management practice.